托福写作30分技巧:横向展开
相信大家都很想突破自己，在托福写作中取得高分，下面小编给大家带来托福写作30分技巧:横向展开，希望对大家有所帮助。
托福写作30分技巧:横向展开
● 什么是“横向展开”?
我们直接看以下两个主体部分段落行文的例子：
3月3日托福独立写作题目
“Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
Primary school is considering that they may spend more time on teaching young students (aged between 5 and 11) technology, such as computers, than on teaching music and art. ”
举例说明
以下为主体部分的一个分论点段落为例：
The years between the ages of 5 and 11 is the critical period when people’s characters form. 【“横向展开”时，The first句话不是段落的中心句，而是“卖关子”的开始。】They either become charismatic individuals, who have good aesthetics and proper manners and can give an artistic touch on everything they do, or become boring people, whose thought is mechanically programmed. 【第二句话，顺沿The first句话的中心信息(people’s characters form)，但是依然不把话说破。】At this point, isn’t it clear that young minds are cultivated when music and other forms of art are learned and they may be stiffened when they are occupied by the codes? 【到了第三句话，一下子命中要害。】 For example, _____. 【然后正常举例诠释上面的道理，举例过程可以和大家日常习惯的局里方式无异。】
3月16日托福独立写作题目
“Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
Taking a lot time to make decisions was a bad quality for people to have, but now, is a good quality for people to have.”
”
举例说明
以下为主体部分的一个分论点段落为例：
【我们再试一次“横向展开”：】Often, poor decisions have a number of limitations in common. 【The first句说不好的决定肯定有问题，又是“卖关子”的开始：】 When the decision-making is broken down, we see no step-by-step calculation, no swings or hesitation, and obviously no discussions with others.【第二句具体说说做出不好的决定的过程中缺失的东西。】 Instead, there are impulses, underestimation of the implications and plenty of blind spots.【第三句说说这个过程中有哪些问题。】At this point, isn’t it apparent that all of these deficiencies are time-related? In other words, if the decision-maker could take some time, the decision would not be bad. 【到了第四句话，一下子命中要害。】For example, _____. 【然后正常举例诠释上面的道理，举例过程可以和大家日常习惯的局里方式无异。】
结论
※※ “横向展开”：即行文时，不要用中心句一句话把段落大意总结出来后再细化，而是用一步一步推导的方式最后得到(主体部分中分论点的)结论。
托福写作应该如何高效练习
托福写作往往是中国学生比拟费劲的门类之一，由于写作调查的不只是学生的谋篇布局，还需求学生可以比拟娴熟的运用英文单词和语法。可是英文写作关于出国读书的学生来说又至关重要，不只TOEFL、SAT考试中触及写作，出国后学生会面对许多journal乃至论文的写作，练好英文写作迫在眉睫。但是高分作文并不是遥不行及，只需学生把握了词、句、阶段的写作方法，TOEFL写作取得高分就手到擒来。
富丽词采发明完满第一印象：
You never have a second chance to leave the first impression。中国学生在英文写作中露出的一个难题就是习惯于运用一些老生常谈(cliché)，这样的用词往往会给读者带来负面的第一印象。比方在表达“损坏”这一概念时，大多数中国学生想到的单词是“break”，很少有学生能运用更地道和更形象的“undermine”，“devastate”和“jeopardize”。中文写作时，教师通知咱们要用一些“好词好句”。
同理，美丽的英文作文也需求一些富丽的词采。正如咱们可以用“鹤立鸡群”来替代“优异”相同，英文写作中可以用“prominent”，“distinguished”等高档词汇来替代被用得众多的“excellent”。为协助学生打破写作，我总结了写作里边运用频率最高的50个单词，并整理了这50个单词的近义词和短语，学生在英文写作中运用这些富丽词采毫无疑问能给读者发明出完满的第一印象。
特别句式成果别具一格：
高分作文首要需求学生可以写对语句，其次运用单个特别句式如虎添翼，打破高分。比方300字的作文中有认识的写四五个长语句，一起运用比如定语从句，非谓语，两层否定，倒装的语句。比方在描绘“我每天都想你”这个语句时，大多数学生会写“I miss you every day”。这样的表达单一庸俗，毫无立异。
高分作文的表达方法是“Never does a day go by without missing you.(不想你一天都过不去)”。这个语句运用了两层否定以及否定词前置倒装的表达方法。我常常通知学生，第一个呈现在你脑海里的表达常常也是另外学生想到的表达，想要在写作中锋芒毕露，就要把握一些特另外表达句式。
衔接词展示细致的阶段内部逻辑：
阶段写作的难点之一是找不到资料。冰三尺非一日之寒，写作资料需求学生平常多堆集。TOEFL的写作与平常日子休戚相关，学生在写作的时分可以朝“本钱，收益，危险，安康，学习，人际，环境和时刻”等方面找资料。而SAT的写作资料学生也可以从“应战威望，窘境成功，美好挑选，谎话诈骗”等方面树立个人的作文比如库。阶段写作另一个难点是连词成句。简略的说，写阶段就像玩 Jigsaw Puzzle(拼图玩具)，每一块小的拼图犹如阶段里边的语句。完好的拼图是靠每个小图像之间对应的杰出和洼陷相互组合而成，只要当每两个小图像的衔接正确了，整幅拼图才干完结。阶段也相同，只要每两个相邻语句衔接正确了，整个阶段才干达意。若是学生可以顺畅写出单个的语句，再把握并排，转机，递进，因果，假定，退让和总分等逻辑衔接词的正确运用方法，阶段写作就方便的解决。
托福写作常用的修辞方法
托福写作考试修辞参考汇总——排比对称结构
Despite all the evidence， experts continue to debate weather global warming exists， how extensive the problem is， what the likely effects will be and whether any remedy is possible.
Despite all the evidence， experts continue to debate the existence of global warming， the extent of the problem， its likely effects and any possible remedy.
托福写作考试修辞参考汇总——比喻
(1)明喻：比喻词出现：as， like， as if…
In many ways， no doubt， our world grows more and more complex， sputniks cannot be simple; yet how many of our complexities remain futile， how many of our artificialities false. Simplicity too can be subtle-as the straight lines of a Greek temple， like the Parthenon at Athens， are delicately curved in order to look straighter still.
(2)暗喻：比喻词不出现。
America has given the Negro people a bad check， which has come back marked insufficient funds.
托福写作考试修辞参考汇总——对照：加深印象
Extremism in defense of liberty is no vice; moderation is the pursuit of justice is no virtue.
托福写作考试修辞参考汇总——类比
The Negro has a callus growing on his soul and it is getting harder and harder to hurt him here. That is a simple law of nature. Like a callus on the foot in a shoe that is too tight. The foot is nature’s and that shoe was put on by man. The tight shoe will pinch your foot and make you holler and scream. But sooner or later， if you do not take the shoe off， a callus will form on the foot and begin to wear out the shoe.
It is the same with the Negro in America. That shoe-the white man’s system—has pinched and rubbed and squeezed his soul until it has almost destroyed him. But it did not. And how a callus has formed on his soul， and unless that system is adjusted to fit him， too， that callus is going to wear our that system.
托福写作考试修辞参考汇总——拟人
Dawn was beginning to prowl about the sky and put out the starts.
托福写作考试修辞参考汇总——夸张
For she was beautiful—her beauty made the bright world dim， and everything beside seemed like the fleeting image of a shade.
托福考试写作必背范文：Scientific Theories
In science, a theory is a reasonable explanation of observed events that are related. A theory often involves an imaginary model that helps scientists picture the way an observed event could be produced. A good example of this is found in the kinetic molecular theory, in which gases are pictured as being made up of many small particles that are in constant motion.
A useful theory, in addition to explaining past observations, helps to predict events that have not as yet been observed. After a theory has been publicized, scientists design experiments to test the theory. If observations confirm the scientist’s predictions, the theory is supported. If observations do not confirm the predictions, the scientists must search further. There may be a fault in the experiment, or the theory may have to be revised or rejected.
Science involves imagination and creative thinking as well as collecting information and performing experiments. Facts by themselves are not science. As the mathematician Jules Henri Poincare said, “Science is built with facts just as a house is built with bricks, but a collection of facts cannot be called science any more than a pile of bricks can be called a house.”
Most scientists start an investigation by finding out what other scientists have learned about a particular problem. After known facts have been gathered, the scientist comes to the part of the investigation that requires considerable imagination. Possible solutions to the problem are formulated. These possible solutions are called hypotheses.
In a way, any hypothesis is a leap into the unknown. It extends the scientist’s thinking beyond the known facts. The scientist plans experiments, performs calculations, and makes observations to test hypotheses. Without hypothesis, further investigation lacks purpose and direction. When hypotheses are confirmed, they are incorporated into theories.
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