官方真题Official35托福听力Lecture4对话原文免费分享(原TPO)
官方真题Official模考软件一直是考生不可或缺的一个备考工具，很多托福考生都在用这个。为了让大家更好的使用这个官方真题Official资料，这里小站教育编辑为大家整理了完整的官方真题Official真题文本、题目及答案解析，希望对大家托福备考有帮助。
官方真题Official35托福听力Lecture 4对话原文免费分享(原TPO)
官方真题Official 35-L4
Narrator:
Listen to part of a lecture in an Earth science class.
Professor:
Let's review something from last week. We talked about an event that happened 65 million years ago. Anyone?
Student:
An asteroid hit Earth. Um...well, we think an asteroid hit Earth, near the Yucatan Peninsula, in Mexico, and that wiped out all the dinosaurs.
Professor:
Right. I wouldn't say that we've got 100% proof, but there's very strong evidence that this is why that mass extinction occurred.
Okay. But did you know there was an earlier extinction far greater than the one that killed off the dinosaurs? It was what we call the Permian Extinction.
Now, way back about 290 million years ago, at the beginning of the Permian Period, there was just one big continent, a super continent. And as the climate warmed up, plant and animal species began to diversify profusely. So life during the Permian Period was abundant and diverse. But about 250 million years ago, the Permian Period ended with a rapid mass extinction, something happened that wiped out 75% of the land animals and over 95% of ocean life.
So what was it? What could have caused this?
Well, with the all the evidence that it was an asteroid that led to the dinosaur extinction, we began asking ourselves: is it possible that another asteroid much earlier caused the Permian Extinction? And so researchers have been looking for an impact crater.
Well, with the all the evidence that it was an asteroid that led to the dinosaur extinction, we began asking ourselves: is it possible that another asteroid much earlier caused the Permian Extinction? And so researchers have been looking for an impact crater.
Student:
I thought the Permian Extinction was caused by a decline in sea water oxygen levels. Isn't that what's in the textbook?
Professor:
But don't forget the textbook makes it very clear that's only a theory.
Student:
And it mentions something about volcanic eruptions too.
Professor:
It does, but now this new theory has led to a search for evidence of an asteroid impact. And one place of interest is a region called Wilkes Land in eastern Antarctica.
A few years ago, a researcher reported a strange anomaly beneath the ice in Wilkes Land. Evidence of what may be a mascon. That's just short for mass concentration.
When an asteroid hits Earth, when it slams into Earth's crust, we think that causes molten rock from deep below the surface to rise up into the impact area. Sort of like if you bump your head, you get a big lump under the skin. Fluid makes the area swell. Anyway, the material flowing up from below the crust is more dense than the crust itself. So that's how we get a mascon, a spot in the crust with newer crust material that's more dense than the material all around it.
There're lots of mascons on the moon too, where a mascon’s density causes a small increase in the local gravity that can be measured and mapped by orbiting spacecraft. And where do these mascons tend to be found? In the centers of impact craters on the moon's surface.
But back to Wilkes Land. We’re not certain that the mascon there...what might be a mascon ...was actually caused by the impact of an asteroid, but there does seem to be evidence. Researchers notice a gravity anomaly similar to those on the moon. And the spot where the gravity readings are especially high...this is right in the middle of a 500-kilometer wide, circular ridge, what could be part of an old impact crater.
And if there was an asteroid impact there in Wilkes Land, the next question is: did it happen 250 million years ago? Because that would put it when in geologic history?
Student:
At the end of the Permian Period? Right when those animals went extinct.
Professor: Exactly.
Student:
But can't researchers figure that out by studying the rocks there in Wilkes Land...where this impact supposedly took place?
Professor:
Well, to get to anything from that long ago, we would have to drill down to about a mile, about 1.6 kilometers of solid ice that covers the area today. And that's not likely to happen.
But speaking of rocks, I should mention that Wilkes Land is not the only place of interest here. There's another called the Bedout High off the coast of Australia. And we have rock samples from the Bedout High. Some apparently have extraterrestrial origin. I mean, they show the effects of extreme temperatures and pressures, the level of extremes produced only by an impact. And as for their age, well, they do in fact, date back to about 250 million years ago.
怎样用单词推断托福听力对话
场景方法可行的原因仍在于ETS的出题原则，大家肯定已经非常熟悉托福听力考试中的"学生生活原则"，它是ETS坚定不移的出题原则，这一原则使托福听力从内容上永远离不了学生生活这一中心。学生生活的圈子是很小的，学校的校园也就那么大一点儿，而托福听力已经考了几十年了，所以学校里的每一寸上都不知被考过多少遍了。过去考的是这些东西，将来考的仍是这些东西。考生在考前只要把学校里的主要场所(如图书馆、食堂等)中常发生的重要而又典型的学生生活场景加以熟悉，寥寥几个词便可以知道整个段子或对话的基本内容，而答案也就唾手可得。
这一方法所需的准备工作相当简单，较次要的场所和少见的场景考生甚至可以置之不理。但它的作用又相当大，在此列出三点，略作说明:作用一，做过一些托福听力题的人都会有种感觉:即托福听力，尤其是小对话题中有相当数量的题目仅靠听清字面意思尚做不出答案，还必须生动形象地想象出对话发生的具体环境和生活场景。在这里场景的方法是一个必须，考生的英语水平再高，语言能力再强都无助于这些题目的得分。
场景方法可为考生提供更加有效的技巧，而且这些技巧的有效程度也更加令人吃惊。
"学生生活原则"决定了托福听力中涉及的常见生活场景的有限性和它们的高重复率。它们必然是学生的日常学习生活中最为普遍、最易发生的场景。这些场景中所牵扯到的内容和人们常说的话又是固定的，这种固定性是由客观的生活现实决定的。而ETS出题人绝对不会歪曲现实，这是由他们所谓出题原则决定的。所以只要考生抓住了这些固定的内容和相关的固定词汇、句型，就抓住了众多绝妙的技巧。
例如托福听力有很多谈及音乐会的对话，而一旦谈到音乐会，话题永远都是固定死了的。全是好话，一句坏话没有，所有的题目都在说:昨天晚上的音乐会可真好啊!我们过的可真是个wonderfu1 time啊!票可真难买啊!人可真多啊!别说坐着啦，能站着就不错啦!过道上全是人!所以也不需要听力水平太好，只要粗略地听明白:"嗅!这又是谈音乐会的啊!"再看选项有一个写着:The concert is excellent.选它就是了!
各位已经知道，学生生活是托福听力考试的核心，学生最关心的事也是最容易考到的，因此谈到课程、考试的对话和段子可谓层出不穷。假如在一个对话题中听到第一个人在问:某门课程难不难?(Is the course hard or not?)，则无须听第二人的回答即可知答案肯定是难。又如在一个对话题中只要听到两人是在议论"某位老师要求严不严"，其余的话别听了，答案肯定是严!
又如托福听力中有大量谈及食物这个场景的。在这个场景中只要谈到apple pie，答案肯定是好吃，考生照好吃去选肯定没错;而谈到pizza答案肯定是难吃，考生照难吃去选也肯定没错。
这些托福听力技巧在托福听力备考过程中基本上得到验证，大家可以根据自己的经验总结出更多技巧。
托福听力材料应该怎样使用
托福听力的文本是一定要在听完之后仔细的进行分析的，每一句里的词汇首先都要弄清楚。其次，每个句子的核心意思你要能够听得出来。再者，整个段落的中心意思也需要你多听多练进行掌握。还有要在听完每篇文章后反复分析其中涉及到的考点。比方说为什么在这个地方出题了，考点是什么。这样就可以方便之后遇到类似的情况还是答不出来的情况
有些专业性很强的文章也要研读吗
当然需要了，不过你需要研读的更多的是文章里的考点。那么这些考点不只在这篇文章里能够使用，也可以在另外一篇不同话题的文章里使用。里面的单词也尽量还是背下来吧。
托福听力中的五遍练习方法
托福听力是新托福的极为重要的一部分，但托福听力对于中国考生而言开始还是很难掌控的，从之前接触的不多，直接到如此模式的听力，很难集中注意力，托福听力题如果遇到稍微专业点的部分听不懂那更是家常便饭。托福听力的提高可不是一朝一夕的，而是需要极大的毅力与坚持的过程。下面小编就为大家介绍下专家介绍的托福听力备考中要求听五遍分别怎么听，希望对大家有所帮助。
托福听力的听写，是所有提高听力的方法中最最高效的一种(注意：高效是相对而言的，实际仍然需要一段时间的持之以恒的努力奋斗)。一篇文章(以旧托福学术文章为好，最好2min内，否则会受不了的)：
第一遍：完整听一遍，了解大意;
第二遍：听写开始(听一句，10s左右，写一句，可重复播放这一句，直至听写完整一句话，切勿边听边写!)，锻炼对词汇的辨识力和头脑储存的能力;
第三遍：边听边对看托福原文;
第四遍：边听边读，使自己头脑中记忆的发音与正确的发音是一样的;
第五遍：尽量不看文章，边听边“说”，达到炉火纯青。
这样坚持每天、持之以恒的练习2小时，终有一天，会发现越来越听懂英文的东西，满足感成就感无限放大!
考托福前半个月，开始练习托福真题，做题后也可以采用听写的方法。听力考试，除了一些很讨厌的小细节题，其它都要尽量保证不丢分。
以上就是托福听力的秘方，主要讲述听为主记为辅的观点。关于记托福听力笔记，不是很强调，还是觉得听为主，记为辅，但是绝对不要本末倒置。当然如果可以早些时候就开始练习记听力笔记，也会受益匪浅的。
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