雅思阅读14种题型特征分析
在雅思阅读考试中，考查的题型有很多，考试内容也比较广泛，这都给考生们备考增加了难度，本文就为大家介绍一下雅思阅读考试14种题型及解题方法。
雅思阅读14种题型特征分析
雅思阅读题型之判断题
首先，这两种题型可不是考官随心所欲的产物。T/F/NG题型多出现在前两篇阅读中，而Y/N/NG大多出现在第三篇中。为啥?因为T/F/NG一般是根据所有的facts，也就是事实判断来出题，Y/N/NG是根据idea或者argument，也就是观点来出题。而我们在“三篇文章难度是否一致”那期文章中讲到过，前两篇文章大多是说明类事实陈述文章，而第三篇文章相对来说观点类的会更多一点。大家懂了吗，可以找出剑桥真题检验一下哦。这两种题型很nice，一般都是顺序出题的。
雅思阅读题型之summary题型
这种题型又可能分成两种，一种是带选项的，一种是不带选项的。宝宝们猜猜哪一种会更简单?答案是不带选项的会更简单一点。因为不带选项的意味着你可以把文章中的原词直接写上，这里面是不需要太多的同义替换技巧的，找到原文，抄下来原词，搞定。
至于带选项的summary，你会发现题目中会设置同义替换，也有可能会有一些归纳总结。也就是原文当中三句话的内容，对应到题目summary里的浓缩成了一句话描述，甚至最后选的词有可能是一个归纳总结性的词。这对大家的理解概括能力以及同义词掌握程度要求就比较高。(再次强调同意替换词的重要性，宝宝们一定坚持背我们的同义替换打卡计划)。这种题型还很任性，有可能是顺序有可能是乱序。
雅思阅读题型之list of headings
这种题型平时我们用中文说的话就是小标题题或者段落标题题。这种题型肯定是乱序出题的，毕竟如果matching headings是顺序出题的话，这题就没法做了，直接一段对一个标题。(虽然大家很希望如此对吧)
雅思阅读题型之multiple choice
这其实是我们做的比较多的一种题型，这里面又包含了两种题型，一种是四选一的，一般来说会在第3篇文章中出现;还有一种是五选二或者多选多的。这些题目一般来讲会是顺序出题。
雅思阅读题型之matching information
就是会有几句话放在一个地方，然后题目描述会问你“哪一个段落包含以下信息?”这种问法熟悉吧。这个题型是乱序出题的。另外要注这information里有一个技巧，所有的这些的题干在开始会有一个抽象词，比如说adion，example，或者是figure类似的。你在定位原文的时候要注意这些提示词。
雅思阅读题型之matching features
给你几个人物让你在原文当中找他的观点，或者几个年代让你在原文中在不同年代发生的事情。大家注意一下这种题目一定是乱序出题的，如果是顺序的话也就没有matching的意义了，所以所有的matching题一点是乱序的。
这里提醒大家额外注意，matching features的选项是顺序的。举个例子，题目要求你把5个人名和他们的观点进行配对，那么这5个人的观点，也就是选项部分，在原文当中是顺序出现的。所以这种题型的解题技巧是按照选项顺序对照原文，然后再对应这些基本观点是出自哪些人。所以matching features是乱序出题，但是选项是顺序出现在原文中的。
雅思阅读题型之matching sentence endings
就是每个题干都是半句话，下面选项中有很多后半句，让你做一个基本的对应。这种题型是乱序出题的。
雅思阅读题型之table completion，也就是表格填空。它的顺序不一定，有可能顺序也有可能乱序。
雅思阅读题型之sentence completion，就是一句话中间给你挖出一个空填上就行。也有时候会挖两个空，一般来讲这两个空会有并列关系，它们两个算一道题计一次分。这种题型一般是顺序出题的。
雅思阅读题型之notes completion，题型设置和table completion很相似，不一定顺序还是乱序。
雅思阅读题型之labeling diagram。给你一个diagram然后你在原文中找到对应说明段落再把空填好。这种题目同样有可能会顺序也有可能会乱序。另外这个题型在OG里面或者剑11里面都出现过，所以大家关注一下。
雅思阅读题型之short answer question，就是简答题。直接给你一个题目，你用一两个或者两三个单词回答。这种题型是顺序出题的，每个题的题干在原文当中和自然段的顺序是对应的。
雅思阅读题型之flow chart completion，这个和diagram比较像，大家在做的时候直接看题目描述就可以了。题目描述是怎么说的，它就对应哪一种题型。同样，这种题型有可能顺序出题，也有可能乱序。
雅思阅读练习：The Spectacular Eruption of Mount St. Helens
A The eruption in May 1980 of Mount St. Helens, Washington State, astounded the world with its violence. A gigantic explosion tore much of the volcano's summit to fragments; the energy released was equal to that of 500 of the nuclear bombs that destroyed Hiroshima in 1945.
B The event occurred along the boundary of two of the moving plates that make up the Earth's crust. They meet at the junction of the North American continent and the Pacific Ocean. One edge of the continental North American plate over-rides the oceanic Juan de Fuca micro-plate, producing the volcanic Cascade range that includes Mounts Baker, Rainier and Hood, and Lassen Peak as well as Mount St. Helens.
C Until Mount St. Helens began to stir, only Mount Baker and Lassen Peak had shown signs of life during the 20th century. According to geological evidence found by the United States Geological Survey, there had been two major eruptions of Mount St. Helens in the recent(geologically speaking)past: around 1900 B.C., and about A.D. 1500. Since the arrival of Europeans in the region, it had experienced a single period of spasmodic activity, between 1831 and 1857. Then, for more than a century, Mount St. Helens lay dormant.
D By 1979, the Geological Survey, alerted by signs of renewed activity, had been monitoring the volcano for 18 months. It warned the local population against being deceived by the mountain's outward calm, and forecast that an eruption would take place before the end of the century. The inhabitants of the area did not have to wait that long. On March 27, 1980,a few clouds of smoke formed above the summit , and slight tremors were felt. On the 28th, larger and darker clouds,. consisting of gas and ashes,. emerged and climbed as high as 20,000 feet. In April a slight lull ensued, but the volcanologists remained pessimistic. The, in early May, the northern flank of the mountain bulged, and the summit rose by 500 feet.
E Steps were taken to evacuate the population. Most- campers, hikers, timbercuttersleft the slopes of the mountain. Eighty-four-year-old Harry Truman, a holiday lodge owner who had lived there for more than 50 years, refused to be evacuated, in spite of official and public, including an entire class of school children, wrote to him, begging him to leave. He never did.
F On May 18, at 8.32 in the morning, Mount St. Helens blew its top. literally. Suddenly, it was 1300 feet shorter than it had been before its growth had begun. Over half a cubic mile of rock had disintegrated . At the same moment, an earthquake with an intensity of 5 on the Richter scale was recorded. It triggered an avalanche of snow and ice. mixed with hot rock-the entire north face of the mountain had fallen away. A wave of scorching volcanic gas and rock fragments shot horizontally from the volcano's riven flank, at an inescapable 200 miles per hour. As the sliding ice and snow melted, it touched off devastating torrents of mud and debris, which destroyed all life in their path. Pulverised, which destroyed all life in their path. Pulverised rock climbed as a dust cloud into the atmosphere. Finally, viscous lava, accompanied by burning clouds of ash and gas, welled out of volcano's new crater, and from lesser vents and cracks in its flanks.
G Afterwards, scientists were able to analyse the sequence of events. First, magmamolten rock-at temperatures above 2000oF. had surged into the volcano from the Earth's mantle. The build-up was accompanied by an accumulation of gas, which increased as the mass of magma grew. It was the pressure inside the mountain that made it swell. Next, the rise in gas pressure caused a violent decompression. Which ejected the shattered summit like a cork from a shaken soda bottle. With the summit gone, the molten rock within was released in a jet of gas and fragmented magma, and lava welled from the crater.
H The effects of the Mount St. Helens eruption were catastrophic. Almost all the trees of the surrounding forest, mainly Douglas firs. were flattened. and their branches and bark ripped off by the shock wave of the explosion. Ash and mud spread over nearly 200 square miles of country. All the towns and settlements in the area were smothered in an even coating of ash. Volcanic ash silted up the Columbia River 35 miles away, reducing the debris that accumulated at the foot of the volcano reached a depth. in places, of 200 feet.
I The eruption of Mount St. Helens was one of the most closely observed and analysed in history. Because geologists had been expecting the event, they were able to amass vast amounts of technical data when it happened. Study of atmospheric particles formed as a result of the explosion showed that droplets of sulphuric acid, acting as a screen between the Sun and the Earth's surface, caused a distinct drop in temperature. There is no doubt that the activity of Mount St. Helens and other volcanoes since 1980 has influenced our climate . Even so, it has been calculated that the quantity of dust ejected by Mount St. Helens - a quarter of a cubic mile- was negligible in comparison with that thrown out by earlier eruptions, such as that of Mount Katmai in Alaska in 1912 (three cubic miles). The volcano is still active. Lava domes have formed inside the new crater, and have periodically burst. The threat of Mount St Helens lives on.
.Questions 1 and 2
Reading Passage 1 has 9 paragraphs labelled A-I
Answer questions 1 and 2 by writing the appropriate letter A-I inboxes 1 and 2 on your answer sheet.
Example Answer
Which paragraph compares the eruption to the energy A released by nuclear bomb?
1. Which paragraph describes the evacuation of the mountain?
2. Which paragraph describes the moment of the explosion of Mount St. Helens?
Questions 3 and 4
3. What are the dates of the TWO major eruptions of Mount St. Helens before 1980?
Write TWO dates in box 3 on your answer sheet.
4 How do scientists know that the volcano exploded around the two dates above?
Using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS , write your answer in box 4 on your answer sheet
Questions 5-8
Complete the summary of events below leading up to the eruption of Mount St. Helens. Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 5-8 on your answer sheet.
In 1979 the Geological Survey warned ... (5) ... to expect a violent eruption before the end of the century. The forecast was soon proved accurate. At the end of March there were tremors and clouds formed above the mountain. This was followed by a lull, but in early May the top of the mountain rose by ... (6)... . People were ...(7) ... from around the mountain. Finally, on May 18th at ...(8) ..., Mount St. Helens exploded.
Question 9 and 10
Complete the table below giving evidence for the power of the Mount St. Helens eruption.
Write your answers in boxes 9 and 10 on your answer sheet.
Item Equivalent to
Example
The energy released by the explosion of
Mount St. Helens
Answer
500 nuclear bombs
The area of land covered in mud or ash ...(9)...
The quantity of dust ejected ...(10)...
Question 11
Choose the appropriate letter A-D and write it in box 11 one your answer sheet.
11. According to the text the eruption of Mount St. Helens and other volcanoes has influenced our climate by ...
A increasing the amount of rainfall. B heating the atmosphere.
C cooling the air temperature. D causing atmospheric storms.
雅思阅读练习：Unemployment raise in UK
英国失业率上升情况
The official line was the labour market is stabilising after a "difficult few months", with Work and Pensions Minister Chris Grayling pointing to a rise in vacancies.
Given the volume of monthly data released by the Office for National Statistics, some positives were inevitable.
But the message from economists – as well as the headline figures which shape the public's mood – was gloomy.
"Unemployment is up and employment is down," summarised Graeme Leach, chief economist at the Institute of Directors. "This really is the feel-bad recovery."
The fear is that the situation could turn out to be a jobless recovery, seen when growth returns but employment does not keep pace.
What Britain is experiencing now is the downside of the labour market holding up relatively better than expected during the depths of the recession. Then, employers tended to cut hours rather than jobs.
With the UK back in growth mode – albeit fragile – businesses are upping the hours of existing staff and are wary of new hires.
Since the monthly figures can jump about, Simon Kirby at National Institute of Economic and Social Research (NIESR) crunched the rolling three-month averages to confirm the underlying picture.
Total employment peaked around 29.5m in April 2008, he said, when the UK had entered the recession but jobs cuts were yet to hit.
The latest data indicates the UK is now some 426,000 roles off that level, he said. But that figure hides the reality of Britain's changing jobs market.
The number of full-time jobs is 864,000 below its peak, according to his calculations, since the net job creation has been overwhelmingly confined to part-time roles.
雅思阅读文章练习：Inflation and interest rate
nflation
Inflation report likely to pave way for interest rate rise
The Bank of England is likely to smooth the way for higher interest rates with its Inflation Report today in an attempt to force the cost of living back on target.
The dilemma facing policymakers is how to tackle rising price pressures without derailing the economic recovery. Photo: SUZANNE PLUNKETT
Wednesday's quarterly economic forecasts from the central bank follow official figures on Tuesday showing inflation running at a two-year high of 4pc - double its target.
The dilemma facing policymakers is how to tackle rising price pressures without derailing the economic recovery.
"The committee has no choice but to establish its credibility by sounding hawkish," said Amit Kara, economist at UBS.
Economists believe Mervyn King, the Governor of the Bank of England, was preparing the way for interest rate rises in his obligatory letter to the Chancellor explaining the price rises yesterday.
While he reiterated his belief that "temporary" factors were driving up the cost of living, including high food and energy costs and the increase in VAT to 20pc, he said the Monetary Policy Committee believed inflation will be around target, at 2pc in two or three years, "under the assumption that the bank rate increases in line with market expectations".
That could mean up to three rate rises before the end of the year.
"The Governor's letter seems to endorse market pricing for the Monetary Policy Committee to hike soon," said Citi economist Michael Saunders.
Interest rates have been held at a record low 0.5pc for almost two years but money markets are pricing in rates at 1.25pc by the end of this year, and in general expect a faster pace of tightening over the next two years than they did in November.
The Bank produces two forecasts for inflation in its quarterly report - one based on market interest rate expectations and one that assumes interest rates remain at 0.5pc.
Analysts reckon that near-term inflation forecasts on both measures will be revised upwards to reflect a greater knock-on impact of rising commodity prices and value-added tax.
The November forecasts envisaged inflation falling to a modal 1.45pc in the fourth quarter of 2012 based on market rate expectations, and 1.59pc based on unchanged policy.
"For the first time in a while, assessing what happens to monetary policy will depend on both fan charts," said Alan Clarke, economist at BNP Paribas.
The Bank's outlook for growth will also play a key role in determining when policymakers start to withdraw monetary stimulus, and so far it has maintained there is enough slack in the economy to keep inflation in check further down the line.
The central bank will almost certainly have to revise down its near-term forecasts for GDP from November because of the shock 0.5pc quarter-on-quarter decline in economic output in the final three months of 2010.
The contraction was mainly due to heavy snowfall in December, and there are signs that activity rebounded quickly in January.
But the Bank may still have to lower its medium-term outlook for growth, lessening the urgency for the MPC to take action on inflation.
The Bank's modal projection for year-on-year GDP growth in the fourth quarter of 2010 was 3.05pc - almost double a first official estimate of 1.7pc growth.
"That said, most MPC members have clearly become more worried about the damage to credibility that is being wrought by the persistent overshooting of the inflation target," said Simon Hayes, economist at Barclays Capital.
"In that case, the report will provide a vehicle to prepare financial markets, firms and households for a rate hike, probably within the next few months."
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