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托福阅读中的易错词汇积累

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托福阅读中的易错词汇积累

1) quite 相当 quiet 安静地

2) affect v 影响, 假装 effect n 结果, 影响

3) adapt 适应 adopt 采用 adept 内行

4) angel 天使 angle 角度

5) dairy 牛奶厂 diary 日记

6) contend 奋斗, 斗争 content 内容, 满足的 context 上下文 contest 竞争, 比赛

7) principal 校长, 主要的 principle 原则

8) implicit 含蓄的 explicit 明白的

9) dessert 甜食 desert 沙漠 v 放弃 dissert 写论文

10) pat 轻拍 tap 轻打 slap 掌击 rap 敲,打

11) decent 正经的 descent n 向下, 血统 descend v 向下

12) sweet 甜的 sweat 汗水

13) later 后来 latter 后者 latest 最近的 lately adv 最近

14) costume 服装 custom 习惯

15) extensive 广泛的 intensive 深刻的

16) aural 耳的 oral 口头的

17) abroad 国外 aboard 上(船,飞机)

18) altar 祭坛 alter 改变

19) assent 同意 ascent 上升 accent 口音

20) champion 冠军 champagne 香槟酒 campaign 战役

21) baron 男爵 barren 不毛之地的 barn 古仓

22) beam 梁, 光束 bean 豆 been have 过去式

23) precede 领先 proceed 进行,继续

24) pray 祈祷 prey 猎物

25) chicken 鸡 kitchen 厨房

26) monkey 猴子 donkey 驴

27) chore 家务活 chord 和弦 cord 细绳

28) cite 引用 site 场所 sight 视觉

29) clash (金属)幢击声 crash 碰幢,坠落 crush 压坏

30) compliment 赞美 complement 附加物

31) confirm 确认 conform 使顺从

32) contact 接触 contract 合同 contrast 对照

33) council 议会 counsel 忠告 consul 领事

34) crow 乌鸦 crown 王冠 clown 小丑 cow 牛

35) dose 一剂药 doze 打盹

36) drawn draw 过去分词 drown 溺水

托福阅读重要的句子解析

1. Wearing masks and costumes, they often impersonated other people, animals, or supernatural beings, and mined the desired effect – success in hunt or battle, the coming rain, the revival of the Sun – as an actor might.

戴着面具身着盛装的人们,经常扮演各种其他人物、动物或超自然生灵,并且作为一个扮演者所能做的,就是期盼一个在狩猎或战役中获胜、降雨的来临,阳光的重现的结果。

2.But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth.

但是这些事实不能解释这个令人感兴趣的问题,就是为什么在一个特殊的靠近他们出生的地方如此的集中了这么多怀孕的鱼龙。

3.A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century, including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it, the perfection of a metal frame, and steel wire of the finest quality, finally produced an instruments capable of myriad tonal effects from the most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral fullness of sound, from a liquid, singing tone to a ship, percussive brilliance.

十九世纪一系列持续的机械进步,包括踏板的传入、金属结构的完善和钢丝最完美的质量,最后产生了一种能容纳无数音调——从最精致的和弦到一个成熟管弦的声音或从一个清澈的歌声到辉煌的敲击乐的效果——的乐器。

4.Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1972 as “silent”, the film has never been, in the full sense of the word, silent.

虽然我们习惯于谈到1972年以前的电影是无声的,但用一句完全感性的话来说,电影从来就不是没有声音的。

5.For a number of years the selection of music for each film program rested entirely in the hands of the conductor or leader of the orchestra, and very often the principal qualifications for holding such a position was not skill or taste so much as the ownership of a large personal library of musical pieces.

多年以来电影音乐的选择程序完全掌握在导演和音乐督导手中,通常拥有这些权力的主要资格并非是自身的技艺和品味而更多的是因为拥有大量的个人音乐素材库。

6.Rather, they were made of a top layer of woolen or glazed worsted wool fabric, consisting of smooth, compact yarn from long wool fibers, dyed dark blue, green, or brown with a bottom layer of a coarser woolen material, either natural or a shade of yellow.

更进一步,他们是由一个顶层是毛纺或光滑的精纺羊毛织物制作,包含光滑,紧凑的纱线来自长羊毛的纤维染成兰黑色、绿色、或褐色底层含有粗糙天然的和暗黄色的毛纺材料。

7.For good measure, during the spring and summer drought, heat, hail, grasshoppers, and other frustrations might await the weary growers.

在春季和夏季,要精确量度干旱、热量、冰雹、蝗虫和其他损失可能是一件疲劳的事情。

8.What we today call America folk art was, indeed, art of, by, and for ordinary, everyday “folks” who, with increasing prosperity and leisure, created a market for art of all kinds, and especially for portraits.

我们今天所谓的美国民间艺术,实际上是普通老百姓的艺术、被普通老百姓创造的艺术和为普通老百姓和日常提到的“民间人士”的艺术,是一个他们在社会日渐繁荣和休闲情况下创建的一个包含各种各样尤其是肖像画种类的艺术的市场。

9.The people had no agriculture but, over thousands of years, had developed techniques and equipment to exploit their environment, basing their economy on fishing in streams and coastal waters that teemed with salmon, halibut, and other varieties of fish; gathering abalone, mussels, clams, and other shellfish from the rocky coastline; hunting land and sea mammals; and collecting wild plant foods.

他们没有农业,但是经过几千年,已经发展了探索自身环境的技术和设备。他们是基于大量出现鲑鱼、大比目鱼和其他多种鱼类的自身流域和水岸捕鱼的经济;基于从落基山水岸聚集了鲍鱼、蚌类、蛤和其他贝壳动物的经济;基于捕猎地域和海洋哺乳动物的经济;以及基于收集野生植物的食物的经济。

托福阅读词汇的技巧整理

一般说高中基础的同学词汇量比较小,高中程度的英语词汇量是3500个,这离8千的量就少很多了,所以建议两步走。 第一步找一本词汇书背一些,同时因为你词汇量比较小,而且背单词比较枯燥,同时也建议你在背单词书的同时,大量的精读托福阅读文章。因为我们知道你获得单词是从两个方面获得的,一方面是机械地获得这个词汇;

第二块来自你阅读的文章中,每篇阅读文章中,如果是英语单词比较差的同学,甚至会发现100个单词不认识。但是我们也发现,在阅读中背单词是特别快,而且不容易忘记。所以建议两方面结合,第一个是背一本单词书;第二个是大量阅读新托福的文章,包括老的托福的文章也是特别有意义的文章,同时把里面的单词全部都背下来,这对你是非常有利的。 为什么这么强调单词呢?就在于新托福的阅读中有1/4的题目全部在于词汇上。

即将参加SAT考试的同学,一般来说,SAT的阅读要比托福的难。比方说我们SAT的批判性阅读部分需要的词汇量是13000个词汇量,而托福的阅读需要8千个词汇量,从这个比例我们就可以看出来,SAT阅读比托福要难一些。但是整个的阅读的感觉和阅读的题材文章还是有一些差异的,托福的文章主要以科普类的为多,而SAT有很多的文章是文学类的,历史类的,所以这一方面需要更多准备。

所以你是完全可以用SAT阅读去准备托福阅读的,但是需要你做一个转变的过程,做一个什么事情呢?托福中有很多题型是SAT没有的,所以我建议考完SAT以后,最好再买两本新托福备考的书,大量做一下练习题,尽快熟悉托福的题型和做题的感觉

新托福阅读的新题型重点考察句子间的关系

新托福阅读的拖入文本题有什么做题技巧?拖入文本题有很多叫法,有的人叫插入文本题,有的叫代入文本题,在托福阅读中有那么一个段落,其中有4 个框框,他代表你在题干中的那句话可以拖入这个里面来,做题的方法是:第一步一定要优先阅读题干中要被拖入到原文的那句话。第二步找要被代入原文那句话当中的关键字和要点。因为我们知道,如果要把一句话代入到原文当中,这句话肯定和原文有很强的关联性。

然后第三点,我们找的是要被代入原文那句话中的关联词,这有很多,比方说一旦看到"因为",前面讲的就可能是原因,因为这个结果后面有一个情况;再比如你看到THUS,通常表示结果,那么正确选项在第一个空和第二个空的可能性不是很大,在第三个空和第四个空的可能性比较大,因为它表示结果,基本都在比较靠后的位置;比如我们看到in contrast,跟前面正好是相反的,所以说这些关键词特别重要,从一定意义上来讲是我们做这种题型成败的关键。

第四步我们要找逻辑关系,你要代入这句话的话,跟前面或者后面的话肯定有一种逻辑关系在里面,到底前后是转折还是递进还是表示结果还是什么样的关系,这是我们的情况。所以做这种题其实非常非常简单,就是读完这句话找到关键字以后,回到原文找到对应点代入进去就可以了,一般来说,多数中国同学做这个题还是比较容易的,我建议大家在备考的时候大量练习此类题目的做法。在朗文的综合教程或者是三角洲的模考题当中前面都有一个专门的章节,有大量的练习题会帮我们解决这个问题。

在此也顺便引出一点,我们也发现了一点,新托福阅读中新增加了五点新题型,都在重点考察句子的层面上,对句子的理解和句子之间的关系的层面上,所以我们在备考的时候对所有的新托福的题型中句子的理解,结构的分析,句子结构之间的逻辑关系得分析作为我们备考的重点。

新托福口语 是语音语调重要还是叙述的逻辑性相对重要?

在新托福考试中,因为是上机考试,同学们往往很难把握到底是语音语调重要,还是叙述的逻辑相对重要。其实后者更重要一些:即逻辑更重要或者回答内容更重要。

iBT多选题的关键在于题干

iBT的听力和阅读的多选题应该如何把握?这也确实是中国同学比较容易错的一个地方,新托福iBT中的多选题是这样的,即一部分题型,每道题当中都有几个选项是正确选项,也就是我们说的多选题。比如说,阅读题最后一道题一般都是多选题,多选题分两类,一类叫图表题,给你一个图表,让你6选3或者 8选4。第二类叫文章内容小节题,文章内容概述题,什么意思呢?先给你一句话,这句话就是这篇文章的中心思想,请问下面哪几个选项中反映了这篇文章的中心思想。

这样的话,这个题目是我们的第二个问法,这是阅读中我们最常见的两种多选题,这种题同学们不要有畏惧心理,因为这类题目分值也比较高,一般是2 分或3分。我们即使答错一个空,3分题还会拿到两分,不会给你扣掉所有的分。第二,这个问题是基于你之前问题的答案的基础上,当你把之前其他的问题都答完了,你整个的这篇文章读的也很好了,再做这个题的话,基本上问题不大了。只要别错太多,这种题多少都会有分的。第三,这类题目的数量比较少。所以我们做这个题要特别的细心,做这个题的关键在于对这道题题干中的那句话的理解,因为这句话就是文章的概述,基本上下面的答案都是符合这句话的,或和这句话有关联点的,跟这句话扯得太远的一般就是错误选项,所以要求我们特别细心,越细心越好。

托福阅读的全面解析

According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true of X?

The author’s description of X mentions all of the following EXCEPT

列举题的解题技巧

列举题的基本思路是排除,排除与原文相符的选项,与原文相矛盾的选项或原文未提到的选项是正确答案。注意问题中的否定词Not 和EXCEPT。

1.列举题的解题步骤

1)看题干找关键词

问题中有关键词的,可以根据它定位,然后将四个选项与定位的地方进行比较。如果没有关键词,可以先定位于上一个问题对应的段落之后的段落。

2)阅读四个选项

题干中没有线索的,可以阅读四个选项,总结其中的共同点进行定位,或者根据各个选项中的关键词一一进行定位。

3)排除与原文相符的选项

将各个选项与原文比较以后,排除其中符合原文意思的选项,剩下的一个选项,或者与原文相矛盾,或者在原文未提到,就是正确答案。例如,

The opposite of an opportunist is a competitor. These organisms tend to have big bodies, are long-lived, and spend relatively little effort each year on reproduction. An oak tree is a good example of a competitor. A massive oak claims its ground for 200 years or more, outcompeting all other would-be canopy trees by casting a dense shade and drawing up any free water in the soil. The leaves of an oak tree taste foul because they are rich in tannins, a chemical that renders them distasteful or indigestible to many organisms. The tannins are part of the defense mechanism that is essential to longevity. Although oaks produce thousands of acorns, the investment in a crop of acorns is small compared with the energy spent on building leaves, trunk, and roots. Once an oak tree becomes established, it is likely to survive minor cycles of drought and even fire. A population of oaks is likely to be relatively stable through time, and its survival is likely to depend more on its ability to withstand the pressures of competition or predation than on its ability to take advantage of chance events. It should be noted, however, that the pure opportunist or pure competitor is rare in nature, as most species fall between the extremes of a continuum, exhibiting a blend of some opportunistic and some competitive characteristics.

All of the following are mentioned in paragraph 7 as contributing to the longevity of an oak tree EXCEPT

the capacity to create shade

leaves containing tannin

the ability to withstand mild droughts and fire

the large number of acorns the tree produces

本题对应第七段(见上文),其中前三个选项所说的条件(从第四句开始)都对oak tree的长寿有利,而第四个选项所说的“acorns的数量”并未与oak tree的寿命直接联系在一起,因此为正确答案。

2.列举的两种形式

1)集中列举

集中列举的形式有:三个名词或词汇连续出现,各个名词或词汇之间以逗号隔开;三个短语连续出现;三个句子连续出现。对于集中列举,只需根据题干或选项定位原文,排除在原文的集中列举之处出现的三个选项,剩下的一个选项为正确答案。例如,

They used the pots they made for cooking, storing food, and carrying things from place to place.

Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as a way that ancient people used pottery?

(A) To hold food.

(B) To wash clothes.

(C) To cook.

(D) To transport objects.

2)分散列举

分散列举的各项可能出现于同一段落之中,或分布于全文各段。对于分散列举,需要根据题干或选项定位原文,将各个选项与所对应的原文一一进行比较,在原文未提到或与原文相矛盾的选项为正确答案。例如,

Perhaps the most striking quality of satiric literature is its freshness, its originality of perspective. Satire rarely offers original ideas. Instead it presents the familiar in a new form. Satirists do not offer the world new philosophies. What they do is look at familiar conditions from a perspective that makes these conditions seem foolish, harmful or affected. Satire jars us out of complacence into a pleasantly shocked realization that many of the values we unquestioningly accept are false. Don Quixote makes chivalry seem absurd, Brave New World ridicules the pretensions of science, A Modest Proposal dramatizes starvation by advocating cannibalism. None of these ideas is original. Chivalry was suspect before Cervantes, humanists objected to the claims of pure science before Aldous Huxley and people were aware of famine before Swift. It was not the originality of the idea that made these satires popular. It was the manner of expression the satiric method that made them interesting and entertaining. Satires are read because they are aesthetically satisfying works of art, not because they are morally wholesome or ethically instructive. They are stimulating and refreshing because with commonsense briskness they brush away illusions and secondhand opinions. With spontaneous irreverence, satire rearranges perspectives, scrambles familiar objects into incongruous juxtaposition and speaks in a personal idiom instead of abstract platitude.

Satire exists because there is need for it. It has lived because readers appreciate a refreshing stimulus, an irreverent reminder that they lived in a world of platitudinous thinking, cheap moralizing, and foolish philosophy. Satire serves to prod people into an awareness of truth though rarely to any action on behalf of truth. Satire tends to remind people that much of what they see, hear, and read in popular media is sanctimonious, sentimental, and only partially true. Life resembles in only a slight degree the popular image of it. Soldiers rarely hold the ideals that movies attribute to them, nor do ordinary citizens devote their lives to unselfish service of humanity. Intelligent people know these things but tend to forget them when they do not hear them expressed.

The various purposes of satire include all of the following EXCEPT

(A) introducing readers to unfamiliar situations

(B) brushing away illusions

(C) reminding readers of the truth

(D) exposing false values.

这道列举题的选项分布于文中各处,是一道分散列举题。其中选项(B)对应第一段倒数第二句…they brush away illusions and secondhand opinions,选项(C)对应第二段第三句:Satire serves to prod people into an awareness of truth though rarely to any action on behalf of truth,(D)对应第一段第五句:Satire jars us out of complacence into a pleasantly shocked realization that many of the values we unquestioningly accept are false。(A)与原文第一段的意思“satire并无新意,只是表达独特”相矛盾,符合题意,为正确答案。

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