老托福阅读真题及答案
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老托福阅读真题及答案55
In 1903 the members of the governing board of the University of Washington, in Seattle, engaged a firm of landscape architects, specialists in the design of outdoor environment — Olmsted Brothers of Brookline, Massachusetts — to advise them on an appropriate layout for the university grounds. The plan impressed the university officials, and in time many of its recommendations were implemented. City officials in Seattle, the largest city in the northwestern United States, were also impressed, for they employed the same organization to study Seattle's public park needs. John Olmsted did the investigation and subsequent report on Seattle's parks. He and his brothers believed that parks should be adapted to the local topography, utilize the area's trees and shrubs, and be available to the entire community. They especially emphasized the need for natural, serene settings where hurried urban dwellers could periodically escape from the city. The essence of the Olmsted park plan was to develop a continuous driveway, twenty miles long, that would tie together a whole series of parks, playgrounds, and parkways. There would be local parks and squares, too, but all of this was meant to supplement the major driveway, which was to remain the unifying factor for the entire system.
In November of 1903 the city council of Seattle adopted the Olmsted Report, and it automatically became the master plan for the city's park system. Prior to this report, Seattle's park development was very limited and funding meager. All this changed after the report. Between 1907 and 1913, city voters approved special funding measures amounting to ,000,000. With such unparalleled sums at their disposal, with the Olmsted guidelines to follow, and with the added incentive of wanting to have the city at its best for the Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Exposition of 1909, the Parks Board bought aggressively. By 1913 Seattle had 25 parks amounting to 1,400 acres, as well as 400 acres in playgrounds, pathways, boulevards, and triangles. More lands would be added in the future, but for all practical purposes it was the great land surge of 1907-1913 that established Seattle's park system.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) The planned development of Seattle's public park system
(B) The organization of the Seattle city government
(C) The history of the Olmsted Brothers architectural firm
(D) The design and building of the University of Washington campus
2. The word engaged in line 2 is closest in meaning to
(A) trained
(B) hired
(C) described
(D) evaluated
3. The word subsequent in line 8 is closest in meaning to
(A) complicated
(B) alternate
(C) later
(D) detailed
4. Which of the following statements about parks does NOT reflect the views of the Olmsted
Brothers firm?
(A) They should be planted with trees that grow locally.
(B) They should provide a quiet, restful environment.
(C) They should be protected by limiting the number of visitors from the community.
(D) They should be designed to conform to the topography of the area.
5. Why does the author mention local parks and squares in lines 14 when talking about the
Olmsted plan?
(A) To emphasize the difficulties facing adoption of the plan
(B) To illustrate the comprehensive nature of the plan
(C) To demonstrate an omission in the plan
(D) To describe Seattle's landscape prior to implementation of the plan
6. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about how citizens of Seattle received
the Olmsted Report?
(A) They were hostile to the report's conclusions.
(B) They ignored the Olmsted's findings.
(C) They supported the Olmsted's plans.
(D) They favored the city council's seeking advice from another firm.
7. According to the passage , when was the Olmsted Report officially accepted as the master plan
for the Seattle public park system?
(A) 1903
(B) 1907
(C) 1909
(D) 1913
8. The word sums in line 20 is closest in meaning to
(A) problems
(B) amounts
(C) services
(D) debts
9. According to the passage , which of the following was most directly influenced by the
Alaska-Yukon- Pacific Exposition?
(A) The University of Washington
(B) Brookline, Massachusetts
(C) The mayor of Seattle
(D) The Seattle Parks Board
PASSAGE 55 ABCCB CABD
托福阅读的高分思维
1.词汇
从某种意义上来讲，词汇量的大小是TOEFL阅读理解高分的基础和关键。如果词汇量没有达到基本要求(五千以上)，纵然你有"葵花宝典"在手，也只能命丧ETS的"毒招"之下。所以，以牺牲词汇量为代价的技巧练习简直是一味巨毒无比的“五毒散”。
2.通过练习使学生养成高效的阅读方法--即所谓的阅读技巧
TOEFL的阅读量非常大，一般的中国考生根本无法把文章全部读完，所谓的"扫读法"、"跳读法"和"略读法"也只能适用于少数类型的文章，根本不能解决本质问题。那么，文章到底应该怎么读法呢?一句话，主动地阅读文章的关键部位。所谓主动是指不能象一般的阅读那样完全被动地接受信息，而应该不断的进行思考和预测;所谓关键部位，主要是每一段的开头和结尾部分。由于TOEFL的阅读理解文章全部选自于正式出版物，文章的逻辑结构非常完整和严谨，而且出现的逻辑模式也是屈指可数。经过系统的训练，考生的预测可以做到非常准确的程度。这样，通过阅读文章的几处关键部位，就能很快地把握整个文章的结构和内在的逻辑关系，也就解决了问题的70%。
3.解题训练
排除法恐怕是一直以来大多数学生在解阅读理题目时使用最多的方法。事实上，这种方法具有致命的缺点：干扰大、费时间。更有效和迅速的办法是读完题干之后，就在脑子反映出一个模糊的或者是不完整的答案，然后直接在选项中寻找接近的答案进行判断。这种能力必须在平时的训练和讲解中逐渐养成和加强，决非什么技巧之类的东西可以替代。
托福阅读介词短语的积累
一、带-ing词尾的介词
barring：except，not including除....外
concerning：about，regarding论及，关于
excepting=except
failing：in default of因缺少...;在缺少。..时
following：after in time;as a sequel to在....以后
including：if we include如果包括我;......包括在内
pending：during/until在.....期间/直到.....为止
regarding：about，concerning，in respect of
二、成语介词
according tas stated by/ in proportion根据...../依照.....
ahead of：further forward in space or time sb/sth; ealier tan sb/sth; further advanced than sb/sth
along with：in addition to;together with另外，加之，还有
apart from：exceping，not considering; in addition to除.....外/且莫说;除....之外尚有
as for：with regard to至于
as from：on and after(a specified time)从一特定时 间开始
as of=as from
as regards：about，concerning至于，就。..而论
as twith regard to关于，至于
because of：on account of，by reason
but for：without the help or hindrane etc.of假如没有....(帮助或障碍等);要不是
by means of凭借......的方法
due to，because of由于
except for：not including，other than除了
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