关于人工智能的托福作文解析及范文
人工智能是研究、开发用于模拟、延伸和扩展人的智能的理论、方法、技术及应用系统的一门新的技术科学。那么考生们知道关于人工智能的托福作文该如何写吗?一起来看。
关于人工智能的托福作文
People do not always act how economists assume they behave, but a computer controlled agent could act how economists assume people behave, if programmed to do so, in which case all rules of economic theory would work.
This means three things. First, the behavior of artificial intelligence agents that behave under the assumptions made in economic theory can be predicted by economic theory. Second, one can test how well artificial intelligence agents do the things economists assume people do. Thirdly, artificial intelligence agents that behave under the assumptions made in economic theory can be used to do calculations of math relating to economic theory.
Of course, one must wonder why this is important. It is good to be able to predict what a group of AI agents will do. It is also good to be able to use this information in order to test how well the agents work. The final fact is particularly interesting however. We can do relatively hard math problems relatively quickly using artificial intelligence agents. By quickly, I mean the Big-O of the program is polynomial as opposed to exponential. There are many math problems out there that the best algorithms known take exponential time. This method allows us to get fairly exact answers in polynomial time.
The question arises if this is really doing math. The answer to this question is not that simple. At the very least, the end result will be a very good approximation. Economists make up a bunch of rules the same way mathematicians do, and they often provide some kind of backing of these rules the same way mathematicians prove their statements. So, if we were to create a model that followed all the assumptions of economics, then we would be doing math. Many assumptions leave room for gray area, however. Economists often make statements that assume enough time or a large enough population. Of course, it is difficult to say how much is enough. So, many people would consider these methods to result in approximations, but these approximations are not only going to be as accurate as anyone would need, but they will also be done relatively quickly.
人工智能的利弊托福作文
For centuries, people have fantasized that someday machines could have intelligence like mankind and work as faithful servants. Today this dream has come true in many fields thanks to rapid development in artificial intelligence research. Wonderful as this seems, machines have problems.
To begin with, people lose jobs when machines take their places, especially in the mass production industry such as automobile business. In factories of the famous car company Ford, almost every step of car making is done by giant robots that work faster with higher reliability and precision than human labor. Because of the adoption of robots, thousands of workers are put out of their old jobs and forced to make changes in their work. Even such changes create job opportunities because robots need people to take care of and operate, the number of new jobs is much smaller than that of lost, thus causing huge pressure on the labor market and government.
People become less smart because of the wide use of machines in their life.Nowadays people need to use their brain less than they did in the past.Everything is programmed and the only thing we need to do is to push a button or throw on a switch. This has given us great convenience but made us lazier and less smart. Everyone has the awkward moment troubling with the spelling of a simple word when writing with a pen. But with a computer, it will automatically proofread the spelling and grammar of your writing. So people become less concerned with learning things right. This is not a progress but a regress of our intelligence and culture.
But machines have many benefits that nobody can deny such as great work efficiency and low cost of mass production. The workload that could take months to finish by manual labor could be done flawlessly by robots in minutes. We have more purchasing power to enjoy a wider variety of goods and services because of the reduction of production costs with factories using machines. Other benefits include that machines could do dangerous jobs for people in high risk businesses like mining and construction.
To conclude, machines have many merits that make our life easier and more convenient, but they have caused many problems such as undercutting our job opportunities and over dependence on machines.
人工智能托福写作素材
1 to unleash mass unemployment 导致大量的失业
不同的人对于机器人技术(robotics)及人工智能(artificial intelligence)是利是弊一直各执一词，争论不休。反对者反对机器人技术(robotics)及人工智能(artificial intelligence)的一个主要原因就是其会导致大量的失业(tounleash mass unemployment)。而大规模的失业(mass unemployment)使得大量劳动力(labor force)无事可做，从而会影响社会的稳定( to take a heavy toll on social stability)。
2 to outperform 超越
然而支持者们却认为，现如今机器能够在几乎所有任务上超越人类(machines are able to outperform humans at almost any task),所以机器人技术(robotics)及人工智能(artificialintelligence)把人们从繁重的工作中解放了出来，提高了工作效率，人们才可以更多地去享受休闲娱乐活动。只是在这个时刻确切到来之前，社会需要直面的这个问题(Society needs to confront this question before it is upon us)是如何更好地让机器人技术及人工智能为我们服务。
3 prospect of leisure-only life 只有休闲的人生前景
但是一个只有休闲的人生前景(prospect of leisure-only life)是有吸引力(appealing)的吗?有人可不这样认为，毕竟有句话说得好——生于忧患，死于安乐，工作有时候对于人类来说是必不可少的。因此人类应该警惕机器相对于人类智慧的全方位优势的实现(all-round superiority of machine to human intelligence)。
4 harness technology in a wise way 明智地利用科技
其实机器人技术及人工智能本身并没有对错之分，关键是要看人类如何明智地利用科技(to harness technology in a wise way)。比如说人工智能进展最快的领域之一是机器视觉(machine vision),尤其是人脸识别(facial recognition)。装有人脸识别设备的车辆将会实现自动驾驶，而科学家预测相比容易出错的人类司机，自动驾驶汽车(the self-driving vehicles)将减少90%甚至更多的事故。不过与此同时，大量涉及驾驶车辆的工作岗位将会消失。
托福写作亮眼素材——阿兰图灵
“老师我实在不知道这个分论点咋举例啊啊啊啊所以就写不出干货车轱辘话来回转啊啊啊”
这个是很多人对于托福独立写作的一大怨念。实在不好意思老写隔壁的小明小钢小红或者Jack, David, Jessica, 总觉得来点名人事迹逼格更高嘛。
说到名人事迹，好吧，盖茨乔布斯莫扎特马丁路德金爱迪生...华盛顿的樱桃树(假的)，牛顿的小苹果...咱不嫌太sú了么
还有，你用就用吧，记得别把乔布斯写成SteveQiaobusi...另外，用乔布斯当例子，你得知道Macintosh是啥，Graphical interface operating system 是啥吧，否则写出来毫无干货。最简单的方法是上Wikipedia找自己喜欢的，人生经历比较丰富的名人，看英文简传。
今天推荐一位不那么sú的名人：IT宅们的祖师爷，二战盟军的大功臣，人工智能理论的教父，以及...Gay界反歧视的代言人——艾伦图灵Alan Turing.
对了，人家其实脸没有《模仿游戏》中的扮演者卷福那么长的：
简单介绍：德艺双馨的数学家，逻辑学家，密码学家，计算机与人工智能科学家，生于1912，剑桥学士，普林斯顿博士，提出现代计算机原型模型基础，通过计算机帮助盟军破解德军核心密码系统，提出图灵测试构建人工智能理论体系，因同性恋获罪被强制注射激素，吃剧毒的咬了一口的苹果而死。
详细介绍：http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Turing
关键词：computer science, cryptanalyst, algorithm, Turing machine, Turing test, artificial intelligence, Hut 8 of Government Code and Cypher School, Enigma machine, homosexuality, oestrogeninjection, cyanide poisoning.
学以致用部分：输入了好素材，就要输出进机经啦
题目：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: To succeed in the future, making challenging plans is better than practical plans.
总论点：Yes
分论点：Challenging plans provide different angle of view and innovative perspective to cope with the puzzle.
举例部分：History abounds with such examples. During the Second World War, the army of Britain was greatly troubled by the Enigma machine which was used by Nazi Germany to encipher their communication. While other cryptanalysts endeavored to decipher it manually, Alan Turing, also known as the father of theoretical computer science andartificial intelligence, decided to tackle it depending on the algorithm of machines, which had never been done before. This was a challenging decision for sure, but the result proved its rationality: His machine worked, making sizable contribution to the triumph of the Ally.
题目：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: People now live a happier life than people in the past
总论点：Yes
分论点：The continuous increase in social equality and inclusiveness has made our life more enjoyable.
举例部分：Intolerance in the past has faded away, leaving a brighter and more inclusive society. History witnesses numerous persecution of people with differences, among which the experience of Alan Turing is the most convincing one. Despite his unparalleled contribution to the triumphof the Second World War, he was convicted for homosexuality, a crime at that time, and forced to choose between prison and oestrogeninjection. This kind of prejudice and injustice will not happen again, with people becoming more ideologically advanced.
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