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托福写作中的常见2大审题误区

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  对于托福写作而言,有太多考生只着眼于如何写出漂亮的句子和高级的词汇,而没有搞清写作的本质--考察学生针对某一话题进行准确连贯表述的能力。这也是为什么很多同学虽然英语不弱,在托福考试的独立部分中却只能拿到较低的4分,其关键问题在于审题不准,如何解决这个问题?一起看。

  托福写作中的常见2大审题误区

  审题误区一. 忽略关键词

  同学们考写作考了这么多年,大多数出题的形式都已烂熟于心,看到题目之后觉得熟悉于是兴冲冲提笔就写,其实,这种看似"熟练"的表象下藏着巨大的隐患--同学们很有可能因为看得太快而忽略某个决定题目意思的关键词。

  例如:Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Advertising is theonly main cause for people’s unhealthy eating habits.

  看到这个题目,同学们立刻会开始想,有没有other reasons for unhealthy habits,想出三条如:1. People’stight schedules do not allow them to eat at regular hours; 2. Sometimes peopleare eager to lose weight or to keep fit so that they go on "endless diets"; 3.Bearing heavy burden both physically and mentally, some consider eatingconstantly as their most effective stress reliever. 综上所述,advertising is not theonly cause.

  这个写法看起来非常完备,但其实犯了一个不起眼却严重的错误--题目不是要我们证明it is not the only cause,而是要我们去证明itis not the only main cause。多一个"main",意思是很不一样的。如果我们只需要证明it is not the onlycause,那么找出other causes即可即例1中的写法。但是,如果我们要证明it is not the only maincause,就需要证明other causes that we mentioned are also maincauses,这就需要在每一段中加上一些专门的说明。或者更简单的办法是去证明advertising is not even a cause,直接在每段的末尾加上advertising与该段所论述的unhealthy eating habit无关的论述即可。If it is not a cause,how can it be the onlymain cause? 这样一来,就不用通过证明还有其他maincause来反驳了,事实上,证明某种cause是maincause还是挺有难度的,因此小编推荐同学们用后一种方式进行论述。因此,文章还是disagree,而三段的主题句分别应该是:

  1. People’stight schedules do not allow them to eat at regular hours, and it is obviousthat they are too busy to be influenced by advertising;

  2. Sometimes people areeager to lose weight or to keep fit so that they go on "endless diets", and thisis more like a result of human nature, the pursuit of beauty, but notadvertising;

  3. Bearing heavy burden both physically and mentally, some considereating constantly as their most effective stress reliever, and it is quite clearthat no advertising encourages them to do so.

  审题误区二.误解关键词

  与忽略关键词的人不同,有些同学过于执着于关键词的字面意思,而没能看出其背后的implication,从而被关键词限制住思路,无法下笔。比起忽略关键词,这种错误更常发生在细心且实力不错的同学身上,也很值得大家注意。建议在写文章的时候要灵活,不要拘泥于关键词的字面意思,否则理由很不好想,就算想出来也很难用英文表达。

  例如:Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The governmentshould spend more money on elementary schooleducation than on universityeducation.

  题目的意思是说,比起投资大学教育,政府应该在小学教育上投入更多的资金。看到这个题,同学们会有不同的看法,大体来讲无非是两种--认为universityeducation应该花更多的钱或反之。但是,大家很快会发现证明任何一种观点都是不容易的。比如说,有些同学可能会这样写:Agree.

  1. Elementaryschool education involves more students than university education and itrequires more money;

  2. Colleges and universities have more sponsors thanelementary schools so that the government should offer more financial supportfor the latter.

  3. Since elementary school education is the cornerstone of universityeducation, it deserves more money from the government.

  上面的主题句看起来是没有问题的,然而在展开的时候困难重重--第一个点里说Pupils的数量多所以花钱多,这的确是事实,可是pupil人均所需要的经费却肯定比universitystudents少,最关键的是,我们并没有数据作为支撑;第二点里说校友或社会人士的支持使得大学在财政方便面比小学要宽裕的多,然而,这还是一个没有数据就无法证明的观点;第三点里说elementaryschool education是universityeducation的基础所以前者就应当比后者得到更多的预算,这是一个典型的逻辑错误,因此在段落展开的时候将会十分困难。A是B的基础并不意味着要为A花更多的钱。总之,钱本身就是一个可以量化的东西,如果真的以钱的多少来写这道题,在没有数据支持的情况下是很难成文的。许多同学之所以在写的时候觉得自己的文章很牵强,就是因为把该文当成了论述题,而大家要知道,论述题都是要会给出数据让我们来分析的。那么,在没有数据的情况下,这种题目该怎么写呢?找到money后面的implication很重要。其实,题目并不是要我们去讨论哪种教育应该花更多的钱,而是让我们去对比两种教育的重要性,自然地,更加重要的教育就应该花更多的钱。所以我们可以有以下论述:

  (Main idea)I cannot agree that the government should spend more money onelementary school education than on university education, because they areequally important.

  (Topic sentence) 1. Elementary school education prepares children forcollege education by teaching them how to learn and what they are supposed tolearn. 2. University education helps students to be ready for the competitivejob market by equip them with excellent knowledge for jobs and goodcommunication skills.

  (Conclusion) Since elementary school education and university education areboth indispensableandirreplaceable parts of our lifelong education and theycomplete each other, it would be rigid tosay that anyone of them deserves moremoney than the other.

  大家能在审题时更为认真仔细的琢磨,勤加练习,一定能获得满意的分数。

  托福写作中该如何正确立意?贴切考题是关键

  在托福的写作过程中,标题并不能代表文章的主题,所以在成功理解了文章的标题大意之后,就要为全面切入正题为文章立意。而整个破题立意的过程必不能随性所欲。一定要根据对于全文整体思路的把握,下面就为大家介绍一下如何确立托福写作中的立意。

  在立意的过程中,首先需要注意到的就是需要与考试的匹配。无论自己的立意点是否高深,是否有涵义,与考题的贴切匹配是一个必备条件。如果,在立意的时候,就已经开始与题目有了偏差,那么在之后文章中,无论是论点还是内容,岔道只会越来越到,很那再有挽回的余地。

  另外,立意的过程,就是要明白自己表达的对象是什么,明确立场。而同时,也要考虑到写作中对于自己论点的支持。在为文章立意的过程中,如果有了很高立意层次,看似一个不错的开始。但是,在逐步下午的进行中就会发现,很难找到与之匹配例证内容。同时,想要表达整个立意的内容,也是需要一个很深的语言功底,非常缜密的逻辑思维方式,对自己的写作是非常大的考验。

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