托福阅读备考方法

楚薇分享 2020-07-18 14:35:44

在文章中小编针对托福考试阅读环节复习方法说明情况，给大家做了详细的解析，希望通过这种方式能够有效的帮助大家完成这方面问题。

托福阅读备考方法

第一步：花两三分钟时间扫描每篇托福阅读文章头一两个句子，定位文章难易程度。虽然平均每篇文章做题时间为11分钟，但是有的文章七八分钟便可以轻松对付，有的文章则需要15分钟左右。一般来说，5篇文章中有2篇难度大一些，比方说：如果最后一篇文章难度大，且12-14道题，在这种情况下，按部就班做题就有可能因时间不够而做错好几道题，带来巨大的损失。因此首先定位文章难程度，同时目测文章的含金量(即题量分布)，有助于科学分配阅读部分的做题时间。

第二步：采取"结构扫描"法阅读具体的一篇文章。所谓结构，即文章的骨架子。托福阅读文章是纯学术体(Academic)，是北美国际留学生在大学里天天都能接触到的教科书风格的文章，这些文章涉及人文社科和自然科学，均议论文、说明文，最显着的特点是呈板块结构。托福考试托福考试报名托福考试流程托福考试时间托福考试费用 http://toefl.533.com

文章均由数个自然段组成，正确的阅读文章的方法应该是把文章首句先吃透，文章首句经常为文章主题。然后把首段的其他句子尽快略读，文章其他段落采取同样的方法阅读。各段落其他句子一般来说都是用来说明各个段落的主题句，没有必要每个句子理解难度大，而不涉及考题，在此句停留无疑是白白浪费时间。所以，采取"结构扫描"法，意味着以最快捷的方式了解托福阅读文章大意，从而正确引导下一步做具体的题，而不至于出现大方向的理解错误。

托福阅读考试难度及题型分析

新托福阅读考试分两种模式：Short Format以及Long Format。前者历时60分钟，要求学生在规定时间里完成三篇阅读约36-42道题目;而后者则将考试时间拉长至100分钟，按需完成60-70道题目。

本来这对学生来说只是“小菜一碟”，但自从新托福将考试形式由笔试改为电脑操作，这对很多人来说无疑是“当头一棒”。也许对大多数人来说看几个小时的网上新闻或是打上半天的游戏都不是什么新鲜事儿，但面对屏幕做上一两个小时的题目倒真不是随便可以信手拈来的。

建议各位正在准备托福阅读备考的同学，平时要养成习惯通过电脑来阅读，至于阅读的内容将会在第四个点里再作详细介绍。关于这一点的备考和写作的备考策略是一致的，大家可以结合起来一起准备。

考试强度

无论是Short Format还是Longre Format，托福阅读考试强度上对考生的要求都是相当大的，新托福阅读部分每篇文章字数增至了700字左右。然而，在新托福阅读当中，对于初学者来说最难的不是单词，而是要求在规定时间里完成规定的题数。

新托福阅读不同于CET4，CET6，与高考也有很大区别，因为CET4、CET6与高考的阅读考试都是提供约4-5篇文章，然后出20道选择题，要求考生根据所读文章答题。最大的不同在于这些考试都没有要求做完每个科目考试所用的时间。

因此很多同学在一开始做托福阅读的时候，十分不适应托福阅读的时间限制，有的人甚至在考前都没有克服这个问题。有的同学在考试前总是按一篇文章来练，认为自己在20分钟内(按总的时间平均分配到每篇阅读文章的用时)完成12-14题绰绰有余。但问题在于托福考试并非一篇一篇来考，而是将3篇或5篇看作一个整体来考验学生对强度的适应能力。

由此建议考生在托福阅读备考期间一定要养成3篇一练或者5篇一练的习惯，培养自己在规定时间里完成尽可能多的题数，并保证一定的正确率。

有很多的专业考生，因为平时课业负担较大，可用于支配学习托福的时间有限，希望在考前通过高强度的课程学习来提高考试成绩。

针对基础较好短期内需要考试的学生，我们推荐学生采用75%的正课占比，侧重于个性化的考试应对，针对自己薄弱的地方，对症下药，并辅以适量的配套训练来检测学习效果，确保对知识点的掌握。

托福阅读题型变化

考试题型的主要变化在于题型中增加了词汇解释题、填表、插入句子和完成段落等。根据新托福阅读测试的目的，考生需要在平时训练中着重培养和加强三种阅读技能，即信息定位能力、速读理解能力和研读整理能力，来帮助自己适应新题型。

这一点表现出新托福考试阅读明显雅思化，因此增加题目并不意味着增加难度，其难度体现在考生对题型的熟悉程度。可以说，新托福阅读内容的难度降低，于是便通过题型变化增加难度，因此阅读理解部分并不需要过于担心，关键是了解题型。

知识面和信息量

大家都知道，做题基于托福阅读读文章的基础之上，因此增进阅读能力会对完成题目起到至关重要的作用。在备考阶段，大家要多读各类题材的文章。新托福阅读测试的选材大多涉及自然科学 (天文、地质、生物学等)、人文和社会科学(文学、历史、人类学、社会学等)以及艺术和商务等学科领域。多阅读这些文章，一方面可以了解相关的常识和背景知识，同时可借此机会熟悉不同学科的常用词汇。

各类书籍、报刊及网上文章都可以选择作为练习阅读的材料，如果是选取带有一定学术性的文章或大学教材则是再好也没有了。这一点大家可以结合适应“机考”这一变化来共同实现更多地去选择在电脑上阅读文章而非实际的报纸或杂志。

托福阅读真题1

By the turn of the century, the middle-class home in North American had been transformed. The flow of industry has passed and left idle the loom in the attic, the soap kettle in the shed, Ellen Richards wrote in 1908. The urban middle class was now able to buy a wide array of food products and clothing — baked goods, canned goods, suits, shirts, shoes, and dresses. Not only had household production waned, but technological improvements were rapidly changing the rest of domestic work. Middle-class homes had indoor running water and furnaces, run on oil, coal, or gas, that produced hot water. Stoves were fueled by gas, and delivery services provided ice for refrigerators. Electric power was available for lamps, sewing machines, irons, and even vacuum cleaners. No domestic task was unaffected. Commercial laundries, for instance, had been doing the wash for urban families for decades; by the early 1900's the first electric washing machines were on the market.

One impact of the new household technology was to draw sharp dividing lines between women of different classes and regions. Technological advances always affected the homes of the wealthy first, filtering downward into the urban middle class. But women who lived on farms were not yet affected by household improvements. Throughout the nineteenth century and well into the twentieth, rural homes lacked running water and electric power. Farm women had to haul large quantities of water into the house from wells or pumps for every purpose. Doing the family laundry, in large vats heated over stoves, continued to be a full day's work, just as canning and preserving continued to be seasonal necessities. Heat was provided by wood or coal stoves. In addition, rural women continued to produce most of their families' clothing. The urban poor, similarly, reaped few benefits from household improvements. Urban slums such as Chicago's nineteenth ward often had no sewers, garbage collection, or gas or electric lines; and tenements lacked both running water and central heating. At the turn of the century, variations in the nature of women's domestic work were probably more marked than at any time before.

1. What is the main topic of the passage ?

(A) The creation of the urban middle class

(B) Domestic work at the turn of the century

(D) Overcrowding in American cities.

2. According to the passage , what kind of fuel was used in a stove in a typical middle-class household?

(A) oil

(B) coal

(D) wood

3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a household convenience in the passage ?

(A) the electric fan

(B) the refrigerator

(D) the washing machine

4. According to the passage , who were the first beneficiaries of technological advances?

(A) Farm women

(B) The urban poor

(D) The wealthy

5. The word reaped in line 23 is closest in meaning to

(A) gained

(B) affected

(D) accepted

6. Which of the following best characterizes the passage 's organization?

(A) analysis of a quotation

(B) chronological narrative

(D) comparison and contrast

7. Where in the passage does the author discuss conditions in poor urban neighborhoods?

(A) lines 3-5

(B) lines 6-7

(D) lines 22-23

PASSAGE 45 BCADA DD

托福阅读真题2

Pennsylvania's colonial ironmasters forged iron and a revolution that had both industrial and political implications. The colonists in North America wanted the right to the profits gained from their manufacturing. However, England wanted all of the colonies' rich ores and raw materials to feed its own factories, and also wanted the colonies to be a market for its finished goods. England passed legislation in 1750 to prohibit colonists from making finished iron products, but by 1771, when entrepreneur Mark Bird established the Hopewell blast furnace in Pennsylvania, iron making had become the backbone of American industry. It also had become one of the major issues that fomented the revolutionary break between England and the British colonies. By the time the War of Independence broke out in 1776, Bird, angered and determined, was manufacturing cannons and shot at Hopewell to be used by the Continental Army.

After the war, Hopewell, along with hundreds of other iron plantations, continued to form the new nation's industrial foundation well into the nineteenth century. The rural landscape became dotted with tall stone pyramids that breathed flames and smoke, charcoal-fueled iron furnaces that produced the versatile metal so crucial to the nation's growth. Generations of ironmasters, craftspeople, and workers produced goods during war and peace-ranging from cannons and shot to domestic items such as cast-iron stoves, pots, and sash weights for windows.

The region around Hopewell had everything needed for iron production: a wealth of iron ore near the surface, limestone for removing impurities from the iron, hardwood forests to supply the charcoal used for fuel, rushing water to power the bellows that pumped blasts of air into the furnace fires, and workers to supply the labor. By the 1830's, Hopewell had developed a reputation for producing high quality cast-iron stoves, for which there was a steady market. As Pennsylvania added more links to its transportation system of roads, canals, and railroads, it became easier to ship parts made by Hopewell workers to sites all over the east coast. There they were assembled into stoves and sold from Rhode Island to Maryland as the Hopewell stove. By the time the last fires burned out at Hopewell ironworks in 1883, the community had produced some 80,000 cast-iron stoves.

1. The word implications in line 2 is closest in meaning to

(A) significance

(B) motives

(D) progress

2. It can be inferred that the purpose of the legislation passed by England in 1750 was to

(A) reduce the price of English-made iron goods sold in the colonies

(B) prevent the outbreak of the War of Independence

(D) keep the colonies from establishing new markets for their raw materials.

3. The author compares iron furnaces to which of the following?

(A) cannons

(B) pyramids

(D) windows