托福阅读中近义词分类整理
托福阅读考试中出现了很多近义词，不要觉得很难，在考试之前如果熟悉掌握这些近义词那么在考试的时候就不会手足无措了，下面是为大家整理一些托福阅读常出现的近义词。
托福阅读中近义词分类整理
阅读近义词完全汇总：
ded=extra( 答案还有continuing) anchor=hold in a place abstract = concrete 文中找反意 Advance = improvement accomplished = achieved Admit (permit to enter) =let in
Adjusted = modificated (adjusted adj.调整过的 ) Annually = yearly
avenue (大路，手段方法) = means advent--introduce(不确定)
a matter of speculation--supposition(speculation的同义词) adjusted--modificated advance--improvement
accumulate-- collect/press down，
(它在原文的句子是the diamonds accumulate in the 什么地方，是因为它的什么什么的特点)
appeal--attraction
attachment to --preference for
array=range n.排列, 编队, 军队, 衣服, 大批 vt.部署, 穿着, 排列 attendant-- accompanying
ascribed to--assumed to be true of afford--provide/purchase/originate/require available--obtainable apparent--obvious alert
beckon= invite
beckoning (引诱人的, 令人心动的)=inviting
Breed = reproduce (breed v.(使)繁殖, 教养, 抚养n.品种, 种类 ) beckoning=inviting breed--reproduce budding brilliant--bright barriers boost --raise boom--expansion beneficial--advantageous classic
constant = stable
counter of = in the opposition of continual = constant consistently= regularly counter of = in the opposite of Critical = significant Critical = significant critical --important critical --essential chisel==carve
counter of--in the opposite of constantly -----regularly(i guess) classic--typical
close--careful (其他选项为 final/instant/restricted) n. 结束 couple--associate commemorate--celebrate correspondence 一致 harmonies confine--limit camouflage--hide constituent--component counterpart --version
consequently--therefore / thus convert--transform "demise"--decline, demand=need
delineate这个我可能错了，但根据上下文，及其象 trace detrimental = harmful
durable=lasting
for instance=for example
fast (go without food) (not sure !!!, donot affect you adversely) forage==feed finding
flourishing--thriving
fragment--break up
Gap (笔试：gap 缺口 ， 裂口 = opening) Generate 产生, 发生 Given = particular gap
hence =therefore harsh =drastic hazard=danger
haul (拖拉, 拖运 )= pull
Heightening (提高，升高) = increasing hider = interfere (笔试：hide = conceal) highlight /layer==inner Hub 中心=center
Hydroelectric (adj.水力 发电的 ) highlight/layer---inner hider-interfere
heightening--increasing host--great number
世纪末19世纪初美国制造业的革新.其中有一题
tailors, butchers and a (host) of trades began to ... hub--center,
hollow n.洞, 窟窿, 山谷 adj.空的, 虚伪的, 空腹的, 凹的 adv.<口>彻底vi.形成空洞 vt.挖空, 弄凹
hamper--make difficulty heed--notice hold -- propose hold--keep up heighten--increase：
"indigenous"----native (in the context), incorporable = included
immediately = closest( 说类人猿是人类最近的进化祖先) In and of themselves (not sure) = alone
Incorporable= Included (Incorporable adj.可结合的, 可包含的 ) indemention Initiate =begin;
Instant = moment (adj. N. 片刻，瞬间) Invariably = always initiate =begin;
托福阅读近义词选择技巧
生词不必害怕
托福阅读考试中对单词量的要求还是很大的，即使单词量很大了，也难免会遇上生僻词的情况，而托福考试中选用的文章说明性特别强，往往是自定义 — 自解释的模式，遇到生词，即使不知道什么意思，也可以根据上下文语境弄清它们之间的关系，运用逻辑推理的方法作出正确的答案。其次，还可以分析选项，进行对比，往往会发现选项中通常会出现两个意思相反的选项，此时再仔细重读原文就可以排除错误选项了。
分段做托福阅读试题
在四六级考试中，阅读时间也很少，虽然单词相对简单，但是篇幅较长，逐字阅读肯定是没有时间的，所以做题技巧中扫读是很重要的环节，目的是找到与题目相关的段落或者语句才能找到做题依据。而在托福阅读考试中，是每阅读完一段就做只涉及该段的题目，信息集中，重要的是节省了大量的时间，缓解了托福阅读文章通篇的眩晕感。而这部分题目就是四六级中常说的细节题。
托福阅读近义词选择有技巧
几乎每段中都会有生词意思辨析题，有些词考生因为知道不少托福阅读技巧，一看就认识，这样的题目就很容易了，但是也不能粗心大意，如果时间富裕或者把握不大，可以把选项带入文章中检查一遍。对于那些不认识的词汇，也是有许多技巧的。首先是分析词性，采用排除法排除词性不一致的选项。其次是用代入法。选项中给出的词意一般就是考生认识的，将选项带入，分析一下是否能够保证原文合情合理，通顺。
分段托福阅读打基础
在分段阅读的同时，可以记下关键词或者中心句，在文章结束时就可以有根据回想起整篇文章的脉络结构，逻辑关系，对14题的选择有很大帮助。同时题目中也明确给了做题方法，即没有提到的信息或者不重要的观点就可以排除了。
托福阅读真题1
Archaeological literature is rich in descriptions of pot making. Unlike modern industrial potters, prehistoric artisans created each of their pieces individually, using the simplest technology but demonstrating remarkable skill in making and adorning their vessels.
The clay used in prehistoric pot making was invariably selected with the utmost care: often it was traded over considerable distances. The consistency of the clay was crucial: it was pounded meticulously and mixed with water to make it entirely even in texture. By careful kneading, the potter removed the air bubbles and made the clay as plastic as possible, allowing it to be molded into shape as the pot was built up, When a pot is fired, it loses its water and can crack, so the potter added a temper to the clay, a substance that helped reduce shrinkage and cracking.
Since surface finishes provided a pleasing appearance and also improved the durability in day-to-day use, the potter smoothed the exterior surface of the pot with wet hands. Often a wet clay solution, known as a slip, was applied to the smooth surface. Brightly colored slips were often used and formed painted decorations on the vessel. In later times. Glazes came into use in some areas. A glaze is a form of slip that turns to a glasslike finish during high-temperature firing. When a slip was not applied, the vessel was allowed to dry slowly until the external surface was almost like leather in texture. It was then rubbed with a round stone or similar object to give it a shiny, hard surface. Some pots were adorned with incised or stamped decorations.
Most early pottery was then fired over open hearths. The vessels were covered with fast-burning wood; as it burned, the ashes would all around the pots and bake them evenly over a few hours. Far higher temperatures were attained in special ovens, known as kilns, which would not only bake the clay and remove its plasticity, but also dissolve carbons and iron compounds. Kilns were also used for glazing, when two firings were needed. Once fired, the pots were allowed to cool slowly, and small cracks were repaired before they were ready for use.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) Why archaeologists study prehistoric pot making
(B) How early pottery was made and decorated
(C) The development of kilns used by early potters
(D) The variety of decorations on Prehistoric pottery
2. The word meticulously in line 7 is closest in meaning to
(A) heavily
(B) initially
(C) carefully
(D) completely
3. Which of the following was a process used by prehistoric potters to improve the texture of the clay?
(A) adding temper
(B) removing the water
(C) beating on the clay
(D) mixing the clay with plastic substances
4. The word durability in line 13 is closest in meaning to
(A) quality
(B) endurance
(C) adaptability
(D) applicability
5. Prehistoric potters applied slips and glazes to their vessels in order to do which of the
following?
(A) Improve the appearance of the vessels
(B) prevent the vessels from leaking
(C) Help the vessels to dry more quickly
(D) Give the vessels a leather like quality
6. Which of the following was a method used by some potters to give vessels a glassy finish?
(A) Smoothing them with wet hands
(B) Mixing the clay with colored solutions
(C) Baking them at a very high temperature
(D) Rubbing them with a smooth hard object
7. The word incised in line 20 is closest in meaning to
(A) designed
(B) carved
(C) detailed
(D) painted
8. The word they in ling 27 refers to
(A) kilns
(B) firings
(C) pots
(D) cracks
9. According to the passage , the advantage of kilns over open fires was that the kilns
(A) required less wood for burning
(B) reached higher temperatures
(C) kept ashes away from the pots
(D) baked vessels without cracking them
10. Look at the terms temper (line 10), glazes (line 16), kilns (line 24), and compounds (line 25).
Which of these terms is NOT defined in the passage ?
(A) temper
(B) glazes
(C) kilns
(D) compounds
11. The passage mentions that when pottery is fired under burning wood, the ashes help
(A) prevent the clay from cracking
(B) produce a more consistently baked pot
(C) attain a very high temperature
(D) give the vessel a glasslike finish
PASSAGE 49 BCCBA DBCBD B
托福阅读真题2
The Arts and Crafts Movement in the United States was responsible for sweeping changes in attitudes toward the decorative arts, then considered the minor or household arts. Its focus on decorative arts helped to induce United States museums and private collectors to begin collecting furniture, glass, ceramics, metalwork, and textiles in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The fact that artisans, who were looked on as mechanics or skilled workers in the eighteenth century, are frequently considered artists today is directly attributable to the Arts and Crafts Movement of the nineteenth century. The importance now placed on attractive and harmonious home decoration can also be traced to this period, when Victorian interior arrangements were revised to admit greater light and more freely flowing spaces.
The Arts and Crafts Movement reacted against mechanized processes that threatened handcrafts and resulted in cheapened, monotonous merchandise. Founded in the late nineteenth century by British social critics John Ruskin and William Morris, the movement revered craft as a form of art. In a rapidly industrializing society, most Victorians agreed that art was an essential moral ingredient in the home environment, and in many middle- and working-class homes craft was the only form of art, Ruskin and his followers criticized not only the degradation of artisans reduced to machine operators, but also the impending loss of daily contact with handcrafted objects, fashioned with pride, integrity, and attention to beauty.
In the United States as well as in Great Britain, reformers extolled the virtues of handcrafted objects: simple, straightforward design; solid materials of good quality; and sound, enduring construction techniques. These criteria were interpreted in a variety of styles, ranging from rational and geometric to romantic or naturalistic. Whether abstract, stylized, or realistically treated, the consistent theme in virtually all Arts and Crafts design is nature.
The Arts and Crafts Movement was much more than a particular style; it was a philosophy of domestic life. Proponents believed that if simple design, high-quality materials, and honest construction were realized in the home and its appointments, then the occupants would enjoy moral and therapeutic effects. For both artisan and consumer, the Arts and Crafts doctrine was seen as a magical force against the undesirable effects of industrialization.
1. The passage primarily focuses on nineteenth-century arts and crafts in terms of which of the following?
(A) Their naturalistic themes
(B) Their importance in museum collections
(C) Their British origin
(D) Their role in an industrialized society
2. According to the passage , before the nineteenth century, artisans were thought to be
(A) defenders of moral standards
(B) creators of cheap merchandise
(C) skilled workers
(D) artists
3. It can be inferred from the passage that the Arts and Crafts Movement would have considered
all of the following to be artists EXCEPT
(A) creators of textile designs
(B) people who produce handmade glass objects
(C) operators of machines that automatically cut legs for furniture
(D) metalworkers who create unique pieces of jewelry
4. The word revered in line 14 is closest in meaning to
(A) respected
(B) described
(C) avoided
(D) created
5. According to paragraph 2, the handcrafted objects in the homes of middle- and working-class
families usually were
(A) made by members of the family
(B) the least expensive objects in their homes
(C) regarded as being morally uplifting
(D) thought to symbolize progress
6. The word extolled in line 20 is closest in meaning to
(A) exposed
(B) praised
(C) believed
(D) accepted
7. The author mentions all of the following as attributes of handcrafted objects EXCEPT
(A) the pride with which they were crafted
(B) the complexity of their design
(C) the long time that they lasted
(D) the quality of their materials
8. The word consistent in line 24 is closest in meaning to
(A) conservative
(B) considerable
(C) constant
(D) concrete
9. According to the passage , which of the following changes occurred at the same time as the
Arts and Crafts Movement?
(A) The creation of brighter and more airy spaces inside homes
(B) The rejection of art that depicted nature in a realistic manner
(C) A decline of interest in art museum collections
(D) An increase in the buying of imported art objects
10. Which of the following statements is supported by the passage ?
(A) Private collectors in the nineteenth century concentrated on acquiring paintings.
(B) The Arts and Crafts Movement in the United States, unlike the one in Britain, did not react
strongly against mechanized processes.
(C) Handcrafted objects in the United States and Britain in the nineteenth century did not use
geometric designs.
(D) The Arts and Crafts Movement believed in the beneficial effect for people from being
surrounded by beautiful objects.
PASSAGE 50 DCCAC BBCAD
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★ 托福阅读题型讲解
