GRE阅读与托福阅读的区别联系
为大家带来GRE阅读与托福阅读的区别联系一文，希望对大家GRE备考有所帮助。更多精彩尽请关注学习啦!
GRE阅读与托福阅读的区别联系
都知道托福和GRE是ETS的同胞兄弟，不少考生都想一劳永逸，两个考试一次性拿下。梦想很丰满，现实却骨干。两个考试是完全不同的方向，托福侧重语言能力(重点落在听力)，而GRE则是赤裸裸能力考察(俗称考智商)。这注定两门考试的备考和考点是迥异的。
但也无须灰心，毕竟一母同胞，再怎么不同也是有类似点的。GRE的整体难度系数大概就是转体三周半加托马斯回旋，而托福不过是转体一周而已，所以不少学生会先准备GRE再准备托福，阅读，词汇和作文的整体难度都会感觉小不少。
那么，先准备托福，对于GRE有益处吗?
——有，也能让你一周内就掌握转体三周半。
笔者总结了一下，托福和GRE中不少话题类型和题目类型是重复的，比如冰川，火星，maya水文明等话题都是类似的。尤其是火星，托福中有三篇考察火星的文章，分别是关于TPO8(火星上的流水)，TPO16(太阳系中的行星)，TPO25(火星表面)其中，火星地表特征这一篇在GRE中也有考察。
对比一下会发现，文章是有颇多信息是相关并且类似的。比如都在探讨火星的地表特征，洼陷的地貌;造成这种地貌的原因是什么。具体来说，托福讨论火星地表的多个地表特征(地表上类似火山的特征以及地表上各种坑)，并且针对坑的形成有比较具体的内容描述。GRE只针对一个特征(火星北部的低洼地表)进行陈述，重点落在探讨形成这个地表特征的原因。
两者的差异可以从两个角度来看，一方面是文章的行文重点。托福因为文章通常在600-700字之间，有大量的细节和论证过程。文章很多在说明火星表面的坑的形成原因(和干燥气候有关)，坑能够提供的信息(星球的年纪和地表情况)，没有很明显的观点对比或者态度变化。简言之，好似一篇说明文。而GRE文章说明性内容很少(仅仅第一段介绍火星北部地表情况)第二段开始就是不同的观点来解释火星北部的低洼地表，其中有逻辑关系词However表明观点的变化，以及指示作者态度的呈现。观点变化和作者态度，就是GRE的重点和考点。
另一方面，是选项的设置。因为托福的文章中细节比较多，所以细节题的考察也是比较多的，比如下面这个考题：
The detailed appearance of Martian impact craters provides an important piece of information about conditions just below the planet’s surface. Martian craters are surrounded by ejecta (debris formed as a result of an impact) that looks quite different from its lunar counterparts. A comparison of the Copernicus crater on the Moon with the (fairly typical) crater Yuty on Mars demonstrates the differences. The ejecta surrounding the lunar crater is just what one would expect from an explosion ejecting a large volume of dust, soil, and boulders. ■However, the ejecta on Mars gives the distinct impression of a liquid that has splashed or flowed out of crater. ■Geologists think that this fluidized ejecta crater indicates that a layer of permafrost, or water ice, lies just a few meters under the surface.■Explosive impacts heated and liquefied the ice, resulting in the fluid appearance of the ejecta.
12. According to paragraph 6, the ejecta of Mars’s crater Yuty differs from the ejecta of the Moon’s Copernicus crater in that the ejecta of the Yuty crater
○ Has now become part of a permafrost layer
○ Contains a large volume of dust, soil and boulders
○ Suggests that liquid once came out of the surface at the crater site
○ Was thrown a comparatively long distance from the center of the crater
针对段落中的火星的坑Yuty的喷出物和月亮的坑的喷出物的区别进行考察，根据题干中具体的对比对象描述可以定位原文句子，大概是
“A comparison of the Copernicus crater on the Moon with the (fairly typical) crater Yuty on Mars demonstrates the differences. The ejecta surrounding the lunar crater is just what one would expect from an explosion ejecting a large volume of dust, soil, and boulders. However, the ejecta on Mars gives the distinct impression of a liquid that has splashed or flowed out of crater.”
再根据题干的问题点是落脚在the ejecta of Yuty crater，也就是火星上的喷出物，所以具体是“However, the ejecta on Mars gives the distinct impression of a liquid that has splashed or flowed out of crater.”这句话，即然而，火星的喷出物明确表明是从坑里流出或者溅出的液体。 最接近的选项就是C Suggests that liquid once came out of the surface at the crater site表明从坑表面出来的液体。正确!
GRE的文章中也有类似的考题
What accounts for the low-lying, ……
Is Mars’s north similarly characterized by a sort of crust different from other areas of the planet?Some researchers do see signs of tectonic activity surrounding the northern basin that suggest thatit was created through the formation of new crust, like ocean basins on Earth. However, McGillpoints to Northern bedrock structures that predate the features said to mark the start of the tectonicprocess. McGill instead believes that through some novel mechanism the ancient surface sank toits current depth as a single unit. This would explain why features around the basin’s edge, whichwould have formed as the surface dropped, seem to be younger than structures at its floor.The third possibility is that …...
As presented in the passage, McGill’s account of the formation of Mars’s northern basin differsfrom the other mentioned in that it alone
A. explains the formation of certain northern bedrock features
B. does not specify the force that caused the northern basin to be lower than its surroundings
C. takes the northern basin to be a landform that is not analogous to any found on Earth
D. denies that features around the northern basin are the result of tectonic activity
E. attributes the creation of the northern lowlands to processes occurring within the planet
没有具体指代段落了，根据题干中M的名字进而定位文章内容。题干的核心在于M的解释和别的解释的不同之处，那么就是寻找原文M的独到观点，即“McGill instead believes that through some novel mechanism the ancient surface sank toits current depth as a single unit.”。相反，M认为通过一些新颖的机制，以前的表面沉降到现在的深度是单一事件。GRE选项和托福的选项有很大区别，选项不是原文句子的直接转写了。根据文意，再结合选项A错误，并没有解释特定的基层的特点。B正确，文中只提及M认为有新颖的机制，并没有具体说是什么机制，选项符合。C，根据文意，地形上有类似于地球的海洋盆地，这个选项本身也不符合题干。D，否认北部盆地特点是由地壳活动造成的。文中M并没有否认，只是指出了证据上的不可靠性，所以C是错误的。E，将北部低地是由行星内的过程形成，文中M并没有这么表明，错误。需要根据文意，加以提炼和总结，得到答案是B。
掌握好这两个考试的相似和区别，自然能够知道大哥GRE和小弟托福是各有分工各司其职，但偶尔也有小交集。抓好交集，厘清差异，大哥小弟就可以一起飞啦!
托福阅读真题练习：租金管制
托福阅读文本：
Rent control is the system whereby the local government tells building owners how much they can charge their tenants in rent. In the United States, rent controls date back to at least World War II.
In 1943 the federal government imposed rent controls to help solve the problem of housing shortages during wartime. The federal program ended after the war, but in some locations, including New York City, controls continued. Under New York's controls, a landlord generally cannot raise rents on apartments as long as the tenants continue to renew their leases. In places such as Santa Monica, California, rent controls are more recent. They were spurred by the inflation of the 1970's, which, combined with California's rapid population growth, pushed housing prices, as well as rents, to record levels. In 1979 Santa Monica's municipal government ordered landlords to roll back their rents to the levels charged in 1978. Future rents could only go up by two-thirds as much as any increase in the overall price level.
In any housing market, rental prices perform three functions: (1) promoting the efficient maintenance of existing housing and stimulating the construction of new housing, (2) allocating existing scarce housing among competing claimants, and (3) rationing use of existing housing by potential renters.
One result of rent control is a decrease in the construction of new rental units. Rent controls have artificially depressed the most important long-term determinant of profitability — rents. Consider some examples. In a recent year in Dallas, Texas, with a 16 percent rental vacancy rate but no rent control laws, 11,000 new housing units were built. In the same year, in San Francisco, California, only 2,000 units were built. The major difference? San Francisco has only a 1.6 percent vacancy rate but stringent rent control laws. In New York City, except for government-subsidized construction, the only rental units being built are luxury units, which are exempt from controls. In Santa Monica, California, new apartments are not being constructed. New office rental space and commercial developments are, however. They are exempt from rent controls.
托福阅读题目：
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) The construction of apartments in the United States.
(B) Causes and effects of rent control
(C) The fluctuations of rental prices
(D) The shortage of affordable housing in the United States.
2. The word "They" in line 9 refers to
(A) the tenants
(B) their leases
(C) places
(D) rent controls.
3. Which of the following was NOT a reason for the introduction of rent controls in Santa Monica,
California?
(A) rapid population growth
(B) inflation
(C) economic conditions during wartime
(D) record-high housing prices
4. The phrase "roll back" in line 11 is closest in meaning to
(A) credit
(B) measure
(C) vary
(D) reduce
5. The word "stimulating" in line 15 is closest in meaning to
(A) experimenting with
(B) identifying
(C) estimating
(D) encouraging
6. It can be inferred that the purpose of rent control is to
(A) protect tenants
(B) promote construction
(C) increase vacancy rates
(D) decrease sales of rental units
7. The word "depressed" in line 19 is closest in meaning to
(A) saddened
(B) created
(C) lowered
(D) defeated
8. The information in the last paragraph supports which of the following statements?
(A) San Francisco has eliminated its rent control laws.
(B) Rent control leads to a reduction in the construction of housing units
(C) Luxury apartments are rarely built when there is rent control
(D) There is a growing need for government-subsidized housing.
9.According to the passage , which of the following cities does NOT currently have rent controls?
(A) Santa Monica
(B) Dallas
(C) San Francisco
(D) New York City
10. The word "stringent" in line 23 is closest in meaning to
(A) straightforward
(B) strict
(C) expanded
(D) efficient
11.According to the passage , which of the following is NOT exempt from rent control?
(A) Luxury apartments
(B) Commercial development
(C) Moderately priced apartments
(D) Office space.
托福阅读答案：
BDCDDACBBB C
托福阅读真题练习：蝴蝶
托福阅读文本：
Butterflies are among the most extensively studied insects — it is estimated that 90 percent of the world's species have scientific names. As a consequence, they are perhaps the best group of insects for examining patterns of terrestrial biotic diversity and distribution. Butterflies also have a favorable image with the general public. Hence, they are an excellent group for communicating information on science and conservation issues such as diversity.
Perhaps the aspect of butterfly diversity that has received the most attention over the past century is the striking difference in species richness between tropical and temperate regions. For example, in 1875 one biologist pointed out the diversity of butterflies in the Amazon when he mentioned that about 700 species were found within an hour's walk, whereas the total number found on the British islands did not exceed 66, and the whole of Europe supported only 321. This early comparison of tropical and temperate butterfly richness has been well confirmed.
A general theory of diversity would have to predict not only this difference between temperate and tropical zones, but also patterns within each region, and how these patterns vary among different animal and plant groups. However, for butterflies, variation of species richness within temperate or tropical regions, rather man between them, is poorly understood. Indeed, comparisons of numbers of species among the Amazon basin, tropical Asia, and Africa are still mostly "personal communication" citations, even for vertebrates. In other words, unlike comparison between temperate and tropical areas, these patterns are still in the documentation phase.
In documenting geographical variation in butterfly diversity, some arbitrary, practical decisions are made. Diversity, number of species, and species richness are used synonymously;little is known about the evenness of butterfly distribution. The New World butterflies make up the preponderance of examples because they are the most familiar species. It is hoped that by focusing on them, the errors generated by imperfect and incomplete taxonomy will be minimized.
托福阅读题目：
1. Which aspect of butterflies does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) Their physical characteristics
(B) Their names
(C) Their adaptation to different habitats
(D) Their variety
2. The word "consequence" in line 2 is closest in meaning to
(A) result
(B) explanation
(C) analysis
(D) requirement
3. Butterflies are a good example for communicating information about conservation issues
because they
(A) are simple in structure
(B) are viewed positively by people
(C) have been given scientific names
(D) are found mainly in temperate climates
4. The word "striking" in line 8 is closest in meaning to
(A) physical
(B) confusing
(C) noticeable
(D) successful
5. The word "exceed" in line 11 is closest in meaning to
(A) locate
(B) allow
(C) go beyond
(D) come close to
6. All of the following are mentioned as being important parts of a general theory of diversity EXCEPT
(A) differences between temperate and tropical zones
(B) patterns of distribution of species in each region
(C) migration among temperate and tropical zones
(D) variation of patterns of distribution of species among different animals and plants
7. The author mentions tropicalAsia in lines 19 as an example of a location where
(A) butterfly behavior varies with climate
(B) a general theory of butterfly diversity has not yet been firmly established
(C) butterflies are affected by human populations
(D) documenting plant species is more difficult than documenting butterfly species
8. Which of the following is NOT well understood by biologists?
(A) European butterfly habitats
(B) Differences in species richness between temperate and tropical regions
(C) Differences in species richness within a temperate or a tropical region
(D) Comparisons of behavior patterns of butterflies and certain animal groups
9. The word "generated" in line 26 is closest in meaning to
(A) requested
(B) caused
(C) assisted
(D) estimated
托福阅读答案：
DABCC CBCB
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