雅思听力词汇讲解：And
雅思听力考试中除了一些大家不熟悉的单词外，大部分都是日常经常用到的单词。And就是我们在学习英语的时候最先学到的单词之一。为了方便同学们更好地进行雅思备考，小编 为大家准备了雅思听力词汇讲解：And，正在雅思备考的你可千万别错过以下内容哦。
雅思听力词汇讲解：And
And重要性---并列和顺接
And主要是表并列和顺接关系。这个词语广泛用于各种英语的句子中。
如：并列，... However, after the axe had been chipped into shape, they needed water and sand for grinding and polishing ...
顺接，... You pay a ?250 joining fee and then it's ?450 ...
两个意思之间的连接必须用and;句子之间的顺接也可以用and;某些表示条件、结果甚至是某些因果都可以用and。
And重要性---同义互换
雅思最重要的一个现象就是同意互换(paraphrase)，尤其在听力过程中，为了增加难度许多词语并不会出现原词。那么我们来看看and会如何做同意互换呢。
1. It is possible to hire _______ and _______.
Audio Scripts: And you can hire laptops ... as well as printers ...
2. Cardboard, coloured pens and a _______.
Audio Scripts: ... and coloured each one in using different colours, then you thread a piece of string ... So we'd need some string as well.
当然and还可以转换为together with, not only ... but also ...等等，但是无论怎么互换最后换到的词语都比and复杂，这个实际上变相的降低了听力的难度，因此在许多情况下，当试卷上出现and时，在听力中并不会做互换。换句话说，如果在试卷上看到了and，并且要填写的答案在and周围的话，我们就可以刻意去听and，这样答案也就出来了。
E.G.: Float dropped into ocean and _______by satellite.
Audio Scripts: Each of the floats is dropped in the ocean ... and activated from a satellite.
通过这个题目我们可以注意到，我们在填对这个答案的时候几乎都可以不用知道float, satellite甚至是答案activated的意思，只需要将and后面的动词写下来就可以了。这个大大增加了and这个词语的重要性。
E.G.: Swimming aids: fins and ______.
Audio Scripts: ... sharks are very quick swimmers. This is made possible by their fins, one set at the side ..., and the tail also help the shark move forward quickly.
我们发现在fins的后面加了一句解释的话，在听力过程中往往会导致听漏，但是后面出现的and就是非常好的而定位点。
And听力难点--- 语音
那么既然and这么重要，在我们听力中会有什么问题呢?首先，提醒考生们要注意，and这个词语本身并不是说话的重点，因此在说话的过程中，这个词语并不会完全读成/?nd/而会弱化成/?nd/;其次，由于and是爆破音/d/结尾，当后面的单词由辅音开头的时候还会继续爆破，此时and仅仅读作/?n/;再次and是元音开头，若前面一个单词是辅音结尾，还会产生连读，更加增加了这个词被听出来的情况。
E.G.: Highlights: music and ______.
Audio Scripts: ... but the best part is the music and lighting.
这边的and弱化了，但是还是能听出在music后面有一个/n/。
E.G.: ... because it had water, raw materials and fuels such as ______ and ______.
Audio Scripts: The water and the availability of raw materials ... and also the abundance of local fuels, like coal and firewood, ...
此题可以通过fuels来定位，同时like和such as做同义词互换，也就是正确答案就是后面的并列关系的名词，但是此题的难点就是coal and firewood被读作/k?ul?n fаi?wud/，这样就导致无法听出正确答案了。
And听力难点---速记
当and连接的2个词语都要写出来的时候，不仅语音上面有难度，在速记上的要求也提高了。
E.G.: Site One: Problems with _______ and _______.
Audio Scripts: Site One was unpopular because of traffic and parking problems.
New technology allowed the production of goods made of ______ and ______.
Audio Scripts: The technology they introduced meant that metal and leather goods were produced there for the first time.
这两个例子都能看出来通过and定位很容易能找到答案，但是需要写的两个词语出现比较快，而且由于and的弱化，以及句子中的倒置，更加增加了填写的难度。
注意事项
虽然and本身读音为/?nd/，在句子中弱化的读音却是/?n/不会由于爆破而读成/?n/，因此我们在听力过程中不要听错。
E.G. Video Presentation: Go to _______
Audio Script: ... Now, after the break we'll be moving a different location for a video presentation ... and there you will be shown a video ... called Safety at Work.
此题的答案是Safety at Work这个地方读作/seifti ? w?:k/。这边的答案一定要注意不是safety and work/seifti ?n w?:k/，虽然两个读音极像。
在雅思听力考试中，大部分在试卷上出现的and都会在文字答案中读出，尤其是需要填写的是两个答案是由and连接的时候。但是由于and本身的原因，在听力中较难听到，因此建议考生们在练习中需重点注意and的弱读，以及当and和别的词汇连读时产生的问题。
雅思听力中的难点填空词汇-社会事件场景
社会事件场景
Listening situation: social events (section 2)
雅思听力section 2 中经常会考到一些社会事件，比如说会议、展览、节日等。参加这些社会活动就需要通过网站、单页、通知版、广告等来了解活动的信息、日程安排、主题等详细信息。一些大型会议和活动学生是可以选择参加的，而且还提供住宿和餐饮，一切都只需要在注册的时候声明并且缴纳相应的费用即可。
Events: convention, exhibition, conference, festival, exposition
Examples: art exhibition, business conference, summer music festival, drama festival, travel exposition, world expo, cartoon exhibition, flower exhibition, auto show
Publicity: website/internet, leaflets, flyers, notice board, posters, advertisements, good for a family, children, adult, senior citizens
Transportation: bus, taxi, cab, subway, tube, coach, parking problems
Agenda: dates, timetable
Focus/theme: music/live music, art, ballet, clothes, drama, food, business, demonstration, comics, flower arrangement, biscuits
Celebration: parade, dance, chorus, music band
Catering: café, restaurant, pub, cafeteria, canteen, refectory, dining room, refreshments, snacks, takeout, takeaway, set lunch, barbecue
Security: security entrance, security office, security personnel/staff, fire exit, lockers, Check ID, video surveillance, cameras, crowded, children easily get lost
雅思听力中的难点填空词汇-环境场景
环境场景
Listening situation: environment (section 2/4)
这类单词肯定是大家感觉到比较专业和难于掌握的，并不是需要学员们全部记忆下来，但起码要做到对发音和中文意思比较敏感，这样才会对全文的听力内容有一个较好的把握。否则就好像是听到了科普类文章一样，茫然不知所措，进而导致完全放弃。
Atmosphere: oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, ozone, sulphur monoxide
Pollution: air pollution, acid rain, contaminated water, pollutant, contaminant, chemicals, toxic waste
Geographical: soil erosion, desertification, drought, floods, overfishing, over-felling, deforestation
Energy: fossil fuels, coal, gas, petroleum, solar, tide, wind power, nuclear, marsh gas, methane, biogas
Recycling: plastic, paper, glass, bottle tops, ink cartridges, spare parts/components
雅思听力中的难点填空词汇-售后修护场景
售后修护场景
Listening situation: repair (section 1)
这个场景主要是购物或者租房子后发现有一些这样那样的问题，物体的型号、主要的问题、需要什么时间来修理、有没有质保、替换还是退款等都会是很重要的考点。雅思听力还是非常实用的，能让我们提前预习到在国外会碰到的场景，帮我们了解外国人处理一些事情的流程和规则。
What to repair: fridge, refrigerator, washing machine, CD player, electric light, clock, bungalow, cooker, rice cooker, printer (shelf)
Model type/number
Main problem: leaking, door broken, flashing, hands broken, noisy, fan broken, steam escaping
When to repair: immediately, straight away, right now, urgent, next week, weekdays, weekends, in a couple of weeks, mornings, afternoons (am pm)
Quality warranty: expiry date, quality guaranteed for two years
Compensation: refund, replacement
Payment: cash, cheque, credit card, bank transfer
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