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英语语法长难句与必背英语句型

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  如何轻松搞定长难句? 想必各位同学都听过 长难句 , 也深知长难句是写作高分亮点, 如何学好英语?小编在这里整理了相关资料,快来学习学习吧!

  英语长难句分析之基础语法

  名词性从句之名词性从句

  主语从句可以按其引导词的不同分为三类:

  第一类,用从属连词that 引导的主语从句,例如:

  That we shall be late is certain.

  That the driver could not control his car was obvious.

  这种结构主要是对that 从句的内容进行强调,属正式文体,连词that 不可以省略;但是在一般情况下,往往使用先行it 结构,即用it 作形式主语,而把that 从句放到后面,这时,在口语中,连词that 有时则可以省略.所以上述两句可以改为:

  It is certain that we shall be late.

  It was obvious that the driver could not control his car.

  如果整个句子是疑问形式,就只能用先行it 结构,例如:

  Is it true that he would take the risk?

  Is it possible that they will come tomorrow?

  常使用先行it 结构,用that 从句作主语的句子有下列几个句型:

  1、It + be + 形容词+ that 从句:

  It is clear that he was telling the truth.

  It’s probable that we’ll be a little late.

  2、It + be + 名词词组+ that 从句:

  It’s a pity that you can’t go with us.

  3、It + 及物动词+ 宾语+ that 从句:

  It worried her a bit that her hair was turning grey.

  It shocked me that Peter didn’t tell anybody where he was.

  4、It + be + 过去分词+ that 从句:

  It is said that he has been there many times.

  5、It + seem/happen/appear 等不及物动词+ that 从句:

  It seems that he has lost something.

  注意:

  在上述第1 和第2 两种句型中,that 从句前置与使用先行it,that 从句后置在意义上没有什么差异;但使用先行it 结构较为常见.

  在第3 种句型中,that 从句前置在语法上是可能的,但实际上并不常见,通常总是使用先行it 结构.

  第4 种句型实质上是被动结构,由于that 从句不可以位于句首作被动句的主语,所以只能使用先行it 结构.

  第5 种句型已经形成了固定的搭配关系,that 从句不能前置,只能使用先行it 结构,不过,这种结构可以转换为带有不定式的简单句,例如:

  It happened that I had no money with me that day.

  → I happened to have no money with me that day.

  第二类,用连接代词who、whose、which、what,连接副词when、where、how、why,以及连词whether(或if)引导的主语从句,例如:

  Who was responsible for the accident is not yet clear.

  → It is not yet clear who was responsible for the accident.

  What he did is not yet known.

  → It is not yet known what he did.

  Whether it is true remains a problem.

  → It remains a problem whether / if it is true.

  从以上例句可以看出,这类主语从句可以直接放在句首作主语,也可以使用先行it 结构,把主语从句放在后面,两种结构可以互换,意义上无差异,但用if 引导主语从句时,只能采取先行it 结构,也就是说if 不可以引导置于句首的主语从句.

  第三类,用what、whatever、where、wherever、whoever、whichever 等代词引导的主语从句,例如:

  What he said at the meeting encouraged everyone.

  Whoever fails to see this will make a big blunder.

  这类从句一般相当于带有定语从句所修饰的名词词组,即在结构上相当于一个名词加上一个定语从句,例如:

  What he wants to buy is a ten-speed bicycle.

  → The thing that he wants to buy is a ten-speed bicycle.

  Whoever breaks the law is sure to be punished.

  → Anyone who breaks the law is sure to be punished.

  切记,这类主语从句不可以使用先行it 结构.

  上述第二类主语从句与第三类主语从句尽管在形式上十分相似,但实际上是不同的.第二类结构中用连接代/副词引导的从句系由特殊疑问句转化而来,以whether/if 引导的从句系由一般疑问句转化而来,自然含有疑问的意味,例如:

  When they will have the sports meet is still a question.

  → When will they have the sports meet?

  Who he is doesn’t concern me.

  → Who is he?

  Whether he will join us won’t make too much difference.

  → Will he join us?

  而第三类结构中的主语从句则没有疑问的意味.

  试比较下列各句:

  ① What caused the accident is a complete mystery.

  ② What caused the accident was a broken bottle.

  ③ What she looks like doesn’t matter.

  ④ What she’d like is a digital watch.

  上述各句中尽管都有一个以what 引导的主语从句,但其意义不尽相同;第①和③句中的主语从句系由“What caused

  the accident?”和“What does she look like?”转化而来,所以可以改成:

  It is a complete mystery what caused the accident.

  It doesn’t matter what she looks like.

  第②④句中的主语从句含义分别为“The thing that caused the accident”和“The thing which she’d like”,所以不含疑问意味,因此不可以说:

  It was a broken bottle what caused the accident.

  It is a digital watch what she’d like.

  但是可以说:

  It was a broken bottle that caused the accident.

  It is a digital watch that she’d like.

  不过,这已不是主语从句,而是强调结构了.

  学好初中英语的必背句型

  句型31:keep sb. / sth. +adj/doing/介词短语/adv

  You must keep your room clean.

  你们必须保持房间干净。

  Sorry to have kept you waiting.

  对不起,让你久等。

  Can you keep her in the room ?

  你能让她在这个房里吗?

  Keep them there.

  让她们在那儿呆着。

  句型32:find +宾语+宾补

  He finds it very hard to travel around the big city .

  他发现要环游这个大城市是很难的。

  句型33:... not ... any more/ longer

  The old man doesn't travel any more.

  这位老人不再旅行了。

  He isn't a thief any longer.

  他不再是个贼。

  句型34:What’s the weather like...?

  What's the weather like in spring in your hometown ?

  你们家乡春天天气怎么样?

  句型35:There is no time to do sth;sb have no time to do sth

  There was no time to think.

  没有时间思考。

  I have no time to go home for lunch.

  我没有时间回家吃午饭。

  句型36:Help oneself to...

  Help yourself to some fish.

  吃鱼吧!

  句型37:used to do sth

  I used to read this kind of story books.

  我过去常读这种故事书。

  句型38:borrow ... from...

  I borrowed an English book from him.

  我从他那借了一本英语书。

  句型39:lend sb. sth.= lend sth. to sb.

  He lent me a story book=He lent a story book to me.

  他借我一本故事书。

  句型40:have been to...

  Have you ever been to CHINA?

  你曾去过中国吗?

  句型41:have gone to...

  Where's he?He's gone to China.

  他在哪儿?他去中国了。

  句型42:be famous for...

  Hawaii is famous for its beautiful beaches.

  夏威夷以它美丽的海滩而出名。

  句型43:No matter +疑问句+主句

  No matter when you come,you are welcomed.

  无论你们什么时候来,都受欢迎。

  句型44:be afraid of / to do / that...

  I'm afraid not.

  恐怕不能。

  Don't be afraid of making mistakes when speaking English.

  当说英语时不要害怕犯错误。

  句型45:... as ... as possible;... as ... as sb can

  I hope to see him as soon as possible.

  我希望能尽快见到他。

  He ran here as fast as he could.

  他尽最大努力跑到这儿。

  句型46:practise / enjoy / finish doing

  A young man practised speaking English with Mr Brown.

  一个年青人和布朗先生练习说英语。

  Tom enjoys playing football very much.

  汤姆很喜欢踢足球。

  He finished reading the story book.

  他看完了那本故事书。

  句型47:It’s said that ...

  It’s said that one of the most dangerous sharks is the Great White Shark.

  据说最危险的鲨鱼之一是大白鲨。

  句型48:Not all / everyone ...

  Not all birds are alike.

  并不是所有的鸟都一样。

  句型49:be based on

  His argument is based on facts.

  他的论断是以事实为根据的。

  句型50:... so that ...

  They got up early so that they could catch the eraly bus.

  为了能赶上早班车,她们早早就起床了。

  句型51:be+num. +metres / kilometres / years...+long / wide / deep / high / old...

  The Great Green Wall is 7,000 kilometres long.

  绿色长城长7000公里。

  The river is about 2 metres deep.

  这条河大约有2米深。

  The boy is about 12 years old .

  这个男孩约12岁。

  句型52:keep ... from doing

  The heavy rain kept us from starting out.

  大雨阻止了我们出发。

  句型53:with one’s help...

  With your help,I've come to Nanjing to study further. 在你的帮助下,我来南京深造。

  句型54:I don’t think ...

  I don't think any of them is important.

  我不认为他们中任何一个是重要的。

  句型55:What’s the population of ...?

  What's the population of Nanjing ?

  南京人口有多少?

  句型56:prefer to do … rather than do

  They prefer to buy a new one rather than repair it.

  他们更喜欢买一辆新车,而不愿去修理它。

  句型57:be worth (doing) …

  This book is worth reading.

  这本书值得读。

  句型58:regard … as...

  We regard him as a real friends of us.

  我们把他看做一位真正的朋友。

  句型59:be confident of

  He is confident of getting the first place.

  他对拿第一有信心。

  句型60:be angry with / about / at(doing)

  We are all very angry with ourselves.

  我们都很生自己的气。

  I was angry about his decision to build a factory here.

  我很生气他决定把工厂建在这儿。

  I was angry at being kept waiting.

  这样一直等我很生气。


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