完成进行时态知识点与时态的一致
过去将来完成时(past future perfect tense)表示在过去将来某一时间以前已经完成的动作。它的形式由should(第一人称)或Would(第二、三人称)加have再加过去分词构成。美国英语一律用Would。
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完成进行时态
过去将来完成时
过去将来完成时(past future perfect tense)表示在过去将来某一时间以前已经完成的动作。它的形式由should(第一人称)或Would(第二、三人称)加have再加过去分词构成。美国英语一律用Would。
用法举例:
He said he would have paid me back the money by the end of the week.他说将在周末前还我钱。
We told him that we should have returned to the camp by four o'clock.我们告诉他我们将于四点前回营地。
I hoped she would have finished the work before I got back.我希望她在我回来之前做完那活儿。
种类
完成进行时有现在完成进行时、过去完成进行时、将来完成进行时和过去将来完成进行时四种。
现在完成进行时的用法
1)表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在。现在这个动作可能已经终止,也可能仍然在进行着。如:
I have been waiting for you for two hours.我等了你两个小刊(动作不再延续下去)
It has been raining for three hours.雨已经下了三小时了。(动作可能延续)
He has been working on the paper all day.他整天都在写论文(动作是否延续下去,由上下文决定。)
How long have you been learning English? --I have been learning English for two years.你英语学多久了?--我们学了两年了。(动作可能延续)
Why are you so dirty - I've been playing football.你身上怎么这样脏?--我刚才踢足球了。(动作不再延续下去)
2)有些不能用现在进行时态的动词,如be,have like,love,know,see,hesr等,同样也不能用现在完成进行时,而只能用现在完成时。如:
She has been ill for a long time.她已经病了好久了。
I have not seen you for ages.我好久没有见到你了。
现在完成进行时和现在完成时的比较
1)现在完成时所表示的动作,到现在为止已经完成;现在完成进行时往往表示动作仍然继续下去。如:
I have been reading Lu Xun this week.本周我一直在读鲁迅的著作。(我仍然在读。)
I have read A Madman is Diary this week.我本周读了《狂人日记》。(我本周开始读而且已经读完它了。)
I have read The story of Ah Q before.我以前读过《阿Q正传》。(过去经历)
2)现在完成时强调动作的最后结果;现在完成进行时则强调动作的直接结果。如:
Now we have cleaned the room,we can move the things in.房间已打扫过了,我们可以把东西搬进去了。(强调最终结果)You look so tired. What have you been doing? 你看来很累的样子,你干什么来着?(强调直接结果)
过去完成进行时(past perfect continuous tense)
1)过去完成进行时的形式一律为had been + 现在分词,无人称和数的区别。
2)过去完成进行时的用法 过去完成进行时表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始并延续到过去这个时间,这一动作可能还在进行,也可能已经停止。如:
He told me that he had been waiting for me for two hours.他对我说他等了我两小时。(动作不再延续)
The baby had been crying for fifteen minutes when her mother came in.妈妈进来时,婴儿一直哭了十五分钟。(动作可能还在进行)
It seemed to her that the boys had been shouting for a long time.她似乎觉得这些男孩一直叫喊了很久。(动作可能还在进行)
The teacher had been teaching for forty years by the time he retired,这位教师退休前一直教了四十年的书。(动作不再进行)
"时态的一致"
定义
某些从句(主要是宾语从句)中谓语动词的时态,常常受主句中谓语动词时态的影响,这叫做时态的一致(sequence of tenses)。
主句中的谓语动词如为现在或将来时态时
从句中的谓语动词可以用任何所需要的时态。如:
He says his father is (was,will be)an engineer.他说他父亲是(过去是,将来要做)一个工程师。
Can you tell me when you finished (will finish) the work? 你可否告诉我你什么时候完成的(会完成)这项工作?
主句中的谓语动词如为过去时态时
从句中的谓语动词一般须用过去时态。这又可分为下面三种情况:
1)如果从句里的谓语动词所表示的动作与主句的谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,从句须用过去一般时或过去进行时。如:
He told me he was unwell.他告诉我他不大舒服。
She said her brother was reading a magazine at the moment. 她说她弟弟正在读一本杂志。
2)如果从句的谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主句的谓语动词所表示的动作之前,从句须用过去完成时。如:
He said he had posted the letter.他说他已经把信发了。
Our teacher told us he had been to lndia.我们老师说他到过印度。
3)如果从句的谓语动词所表示的动作在主句的谓语动词所表示的动作之后,从句的谓语动词须用过去将来时态。如:
They did not know when they would go to the Great Wall. 他们不知道什么时候去参观长城。
He said he was going to be an actor after leaving school.他说他毕业后要当演员。
[注]主句的谓语动词如是过去时态,还须注意下面两种特殊情况:
1)从句所说明的如果是一般真理或客观事实,则仍用现在时态。如:
The teacher told the pupils that the earth is round.老师告诉学生地球是球形体的。
Somebody told me you an a writer.有人告诉我说你是一个作家。
2)从句如果有表示某一具体时间的状语,谓语动词所表示的动作虽发生在主句的谓语动词所表示的动作之前,一般仍用过去一般时,不用过去完成时。如:
The teacher told his pupi1s that the Chinese Communist Party was founded in Shanghai in l921. 老师告诉学生中国共产党于一九二一年在上海诞生。
My father told me that my grandfather was born in l900.我父亲告诉我,我祖父生于一九OO年。
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