高中语法的知识总结
知识是人们前进的最大动力，因为有知识，我们知道我们从哪里来，也知道我们将要到哪里去。下面小编给大家分享一些高中语法的知识总结，希望能够帮助大家，欢迎阅读!
高中语法的知识总结1
定语从句
概念：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
成分：先行词，即被定语从句修饰的名词或代词;关系代词：that，which，who(宾格为whom,所有格为whose);或者关系副词where，when，why等。关系代词或关系副词处在先行词和定语从句之间，起着连接主从句的作用。
1. 关系代词that的用法
关系代词that在定语从句中既能指人，也能指物;既能做主语，也能做宾语
例：1)A plane is a machine that can fly. (指物，作主语)
2)The noodles (that) I cooked were delicious. (指物，作宾语)
3)Who is the man that is reading a book over there? (指人，作主语)
4)The girl (that) we saw yesterday was Jim’s sister,(指人，作宾语)
2. 关系代词which的用法
关系代词which在定语从句中只能指物，但既可以做宾语也能作主语
例：1)They planted some trees which didn’t need much water. (作主语)
2)The fish (which) we bought this morning were not fresh. (作宾语)
3. 关系代词who，whom的用法
关系代词who,whom 只能指人，在定语从句中分别作主语和宾语
例：1)The foreigner who helped us yesterday is from USA.(作主语)
2)The person to whom you just talked to is Mr. Li. (作宾语)、
4. 关系代词whose在的用法
关系代词whose为关系代词who的所有格形式，其先行词既可以是人也可以是物，whose和它所修饰的名词在定语从句中既可以做主语也可以做宾语。
例：1)This is the scientist whose name is known all over the world. (指人，作主语)
2) The room whose window faces south is mine. (指物，作主语)
3)He has written a book whose name I’ve forgotten. (指物，作宾语)
5. 关系副词when的用法
关系副词when在定语从句中作时间状语
例：1)I’ll never forget the time when (=during which) we worked on the farm.
2) Do you remember the afternoon when (=on which) we first met three years ago?
6. 关系副词where在定语从句中的用法
关系副词where在定语从句中做地点状语
例：1)This is the place where( =at/ in which) we first met.
2) The hotel where (= in which ) we stayed wasn’t very clean.
7. 关系副词why在定语从句中的用法
关系副词why在定语从句中作原因状语
例: 1). I didn’t get a pay rise, but this wasn’t the reason why(= for which) I left.
2). The reason why (=for which) he has late was that he missed the train.
高中语法的知识总结2
It的用法
1、It除了代替人和物以外，还可以作形式主语。而真正的主语(不定式、动名词或从句)则放于谓语或表语之后。
例如：It is nor easy to finish the work in two days.
然而有少数表语之后接动名词作真正的主语。这些表语是：无助(no help)、无用(no use)、没好处(no good);工作(hard work)、费时(a waste of time)、又危险(a danger)。
例如：A、It is no use crying over spilt milk.
B、It is a waste of time waiting for him.
2、It还可以作形式宾语。通常下列动词后面可接it作形式宾语：2f2tcjm(find，feel,think,take,consider，judge, make)。
例如：A、He made it clear that he was not interested in this subject.
B、I think it no use arguing with him.
3、It用于强调句式。要强调句子的某一部分(主语、宾语、 状语)，可以把it当作先行词。这种句子的结构是：It is(was)+ 被强调部分+that(who)+句子的其余部分。
例如：A、It iS Professor Lin who teaches us English—(强调主语)
B、It was in Shanghai that l saw the film.—(强调状语)
C、It was in 1990 that I worked in the factory.(同上)
但要注意与定语从句的区别。
例如：D、It was 1990 when I worked in the factory.(定语从句)
在强调句式里，我们把强调结构It is(was)…that除去，句子还很完整。如例句C。而例句D就不能。
高中语法的知识总结3
陈述句的变化规则
直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that(可省略)引导，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语都要发生相应的变化。
人称的变化——人称的变化主要是要理解句子的意思
例：1. He said, “ I like it very much.” → He said that he liked it very much.
2. He said to me, “I’v left my book in your room.”
→ He told me that he had left his book in my room.
例：
“I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary,” said Anne.
→Anne said that she didn’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary.
The boy said, “I’m using a knife.”
→ The boy said that he was using a knife.
▲注意：如果直接引语是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变，如：
He said, “Light travels much faster than sound.”
He said that light travels much faster than sound.
指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化
(二) 祈使句的变化规则
如果直接引语是祈使句，变为间接引语时，要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式，并根据句子意思在不定式前加上tell/ask/order等动词，如果祈使句是否定句，在不定式前面还要加上not。例：
The hostess said to us, “Please sit down.”
→ The hostess asked us to sit down.
He said, “Don’t make so much noise, boys.”
→ He told the boys not to make so much noise.
(三)疑问句的变化规则
如果直接引语是疑问句，变为间接引语时要把疑问句语序变为陈述句语序，句末用句号。
一般疑问句：如果直接引语是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，谓语动词是say或said时，要改为 ask 或asked,原问句变为由if/whether 引导的宾语从句。例:
“Do you think a diary can become your friend?” the writer says.
→ The writer asks us if we think a diary can become our friend.
2) 特殊疑问句：如果间接引语是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，仍用原来的引导词，但疑问句要变为陈述句。例：
“What do you want?” he asked me.
→ He asked me what I wanted
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