托福写作：利弊问题论证思路
托福写作中，利弊话题的讨论也是常考题型之一，下面，小编为大家整理托福写作利弊题的论证思路，希望对大家有所帮助。
托福写作：利弊问题论证思路
常见的托福写作利弊类文章有以下一些问法：
Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?
Do you think its benefits exceed its drawbacks?
Does the usefulness outweigh the limitations?
Is it positive or negative?
……
主要讨论
effect， influence， development， situation，phenomenon，decision，……
如：Do you think it is a positive or negative development? 等等
如果遇到这样的题目或相关的关键词(黑体)，那么该题就一定是利弊题目。
关于托福写作利弊题目有以下几个需要注意的方面：
一.确定观点
托福题目的写作都需要有观点，但仅凭第一直觉是没办法完成整篇文章的。brainstorming 和outlining的重要性在这里就不多说明了，在课堂上我们已经重复过多次原因和如果brainstorming以及outlining。
对于利弊题目需要注意的是：无论题目中是否指明"outweigh"或"exceed"，都需要讨论这个事物的利弊两方面。因为世界上没有完全绝对的事情，议论文必然有对立双方，所以不可能只讨论其中一边，比如只有利或只有弊。这样看起来貌似很强势，但是其实是缺少辩证能力的表现。
二.利弊大战
确定了观点以后，接下来就要通过利与弊的权重来证明你的观点，到底是利与弊哪个更重。
A.数量之战
最直观地判定利与弊大小就是在篇幅和内容上。按照一般托福四段式的结构为例，主体段每段写两到三"点"是比较合理的。"点"太多容易论证不充分，"点"太少容易语言啰嗦或字数不够。那么利与弊的较量首先就是"点"的数量。比如说，观点为"利大于弊"，那么利写三条，弊写两条;要么利写两条，弊写一条(前提是有足够论证内容)。
比如：
More and more people choose to work at home and students study from home as the development of computer technology makes it more convenient and cheaper. Do you think it is a positive or negative development?
(Around the world it is likely that more adult work from home, more children study from home, as computer technology cheaper and more accessible, is it a positive or negative development? )
关于在家用电脑进行工作和学习的优缺点相比离大家生活并不遥远。通过brainstorming，我们能够列出以下一些优缺点：
+ -
家里环境舒适 不与人沟通很闷
时间灵活，可以兼顾家庭事务 自控性不强，效率不高
节省上下班/学的时间和费用 电脑辐射对身体不好
公司节省办公室租金 缺乏户外运动
减缓交通压力 企业掌控力有限
…… ……
那么从里面挑出一些更加直接相关并且自己英语能力能够达到的"点"，按照自己的观点选择适当数量的优缺点，在每一个点里进行进一步扩展论述。如果认为利大于弊好写一些，那么就在"+"里面选3条扩展，在"-"里面选2条扩展。
B.语气之战
但是仅仅这样还是不够的，考生通常都会想，"我写点利，写点弊，利写多点不就完了。"这种观点是错的。比方说，我买某一束花的优缺点，优点3条：色彩艳丽，香味扑鼻，物美价廉，但是有一条缺点：我对花过敏。那么优点写再长，一条缺点就决定了我不应该买这束花。所以在对于优缺点描述的语气上也要注意态度：色彩特别艳丽，香味沁人心脾，绝对物超所值。这样就把优点实实在在地钉在读者心里。关于缺点呢，就改成，我有可能对花过敏。这样这个缺点就不是那么致命了。
也就是说在语气上，观点侧重的部分要十分肯定(must, definitely, undoubtedly, absolutely, affirmatively, surely, extremely, ……)，而小于的部分要减小可能性(may, could, might, probably, possibly, to some extent, ……)。这样，强势的那部分有进一步占了上风。
C.彻底击败
论文，就是要证明自己的观点是对的，也就是说，要最大限度地不让反对者有机可乘。如果观点为利大于弊，那么认为弊很重要的就是反对者。所以如果就把弊摆在那里不管是不行的，必须想办法彻底击败缺点，这样优点才能以绝对优势大于缺点。以"利大于弊"的观点为例，进一步击败的方法有三：
1.不重要：出现的缺点根本不算什么。比如上文说到买花过敏，如果过敏无非就是打两个喷嚏，不要紧，那么最终还是买花的优点占了上风。
2.可解决：出现的缺点很容易就可以解决。买花过敏了，我把它放在玻璃柜里就没事了，仍然可以欣赏到它的美，这样就可以买花了。在家用电脑工作缺乏与人沟通，但现在电脑科技发达，可以视频、通话、网络会议等等，一点不缺乏沟通的真实性。这样还是在家工作的好处多。
3.可转化：出现的缺点其实从另一个角度来看其实是优点。比如果学生在家学习自控力差，学习效率不高。其实这恰恰是一种锻炼学生自学能力甚至是独立自主能力的好方法，如果能有好的引导和监督，那么还是这些学生比在老师实时监督下的学生更懂得如何学习。这样，优点就更占优势了。
以上这三个方法同样适用于弊大于利的观点，也就是要把"利"削弱掉。比如说，家里环境舒适，但是好的办公室或者学校的环境对于工作和学习来说更合适(不重要);家里通常没有工作和学习所需要的丰富资料(可解决);家里舒适反而让人好逸恶劳(可转化)。针对不同需要削弱的点，应该选择不同的策略，而且针对一个点的削弱，不需要三种方法全部用上，做到削弱即可。
所以，通过以上三个方面的比较：数量、语气、进一步削弱，认为大于的那一方就会以绝对性优势支持了观点。这就是托福写作利弊文的分析方式，希望对大家有所帮助。
Some people think that children should begin their formal education at a very early age and should spend most of their time on school studies. Others believe that young children should spend most of their time playing. Compare these two views. Which view do you agree with? Why?
Should children play more or study more? The question is what will be better for the child. There are benefits to both activities, but the answer depends on the details of the situation.
There are many things that could affect the outcome of the argument. What kind of a school is it? It could be a school where children sit at their desks all day long memorizing dates and facts. Or it could be a school where the teacher helps the children learn what they want to learn. I think the second kind is a lot better for a child than the first kind.
Similarly, what kind of play are we talking about? The child could be alone all day long watching television, which could make him or her bored and lonely. Or the child could be involved in group activities with neighborhood children of the same age, which could help him or her learn how to get along with others.
I think both study and play are valuable, so I mould prefer to send my child to a school where there is a combination. I think a variety of activities makes learning easier for anyone at any age.
托福独立写作范文：你的社区建大学
Some people think that your community would be a good place to locate the university. Compare the advantages and disadvantages of establishing a new university in your community. Use specific details in your discussion.
The first advantage of having a new university built in my community would be the jobs it would bring to the community. Initially, the jobs would be those connected with the actual building of the university structures, such as brick layers and carpenters. Once the buildings were completed, the jobs would be those on the campus itself. Those would include teachers, office workers, custodians, and librarians.
Not all of the people the university hired would already be members of the community, so that would mean a lot of new people coming to town. Of course, a lot of students would come too. Two advantages of new people in town would be more taxpayers and a more diverse population. With more people paying taxes, there would be more money for schools, libraries and other community needs. With a more diverse population, there would be new stores, new restaurants (to serve different tastes) and new cultural influences.
Of course, there would also be disadvantages. More people living in the community could mean more houses being built. There would be more traffic on the streets, with the combination of new residents and students who bring their cars. Plus, more people would mean more public services would be needed. These services could include everything from trash collection to more schools to hold all the children of the new residents. New services might mean local taxes would have to go up, even though there would be more taxpayers.
Another disadvantage is that the personality of our community would change. It would go from being a place where everybody knows everybody else to a place where a lot of people are strangers. It would become a place with a lot of short-term residents, like the university students, who might not care as much about the town.
Communities always change over time, though, and overall I like the atmosphere of a "college town. "A new university would bring a lot of challenges, but I think it would be worth it.
托福独立写作范文：青少年成长影响因素
Some people think that the family is the most important influence on young adults. Other people think that friends are the most important influence on young adults. Which view do you agree with? Use examples to support your position.
Although friends make an impression on your life, they do not have the same influence that your family has. Nothing is as important to me as my family. From them, I learned everything that is important. I learned about trust, ambition, and love.
Your family is with you forever. They are not going to leave you because they find another daughter they like better. They are not going to leave you because they think you are too much trouble. A family is permanent, while friends come and go.
Your parents are your role models. They will encourage you to do your best, to push yourself, and to improve yourself. Friends want you to stay the same; they don't want you to be different. A family is ambitious for you. Friends are not.
Your family teaches you about love. A family's love is not judgmental. They love you for everything you are. Friends may love you because you have a new car or because you go out with them on Saturdays. A family loves you. Friends only like you.
Without my family, I wouldn't know what to do. I wouldn't feel as secure. I might not have the ambition to go to school. I probably would be afraid to love. My family is my greatest influence.
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