关于gre作文雷同分数的问题
在经历了漫长的备考期之后，小伙伴终于迎来了考试，考完试之后，最在意的就是分数，那么关于分数会出现一种状况就是关于gre作文雷同分数的问题，一起来看看解析吧!
关于gre作文雷同分数的问题
这个问题在江湖上已经纠结了很久，以至各种版本的传闻和流言此起彼伏，搞得人心惶惶，我觉得有必要写一篇文字澄清一下。一个基本的原则，就是一切以ETS网站的信息为准，所有其他地方传来的信息，包括本文的观点，都是未经验证的揣测，只能作为参考。
ETS在GRE作文评分部分讨论到独立智力活动的问题：
Independent Intellectual Activity. Essay responses on the Analytical Writing section will be reviewed by ETS essay-similarity-detection software and by experienced essay readers during the scoring process. In light of the high value placed on independent intellectual activity within United States graduate schools and universities, ETS?? reserves the right to cancel test scores of any test taker when there is substantial evidence that an essay response includes, but is not limited to, any of the following:
由此可见，GRE的雷同处理将包括软件的使用和阅卷员审核两部分。那么软件这一部分来讲，我们有理由相信它主要是针对背诵范文的考生，运用计算机的范文数 据库检测答卷中是否有某一段文字为抄袭。在计算机防止抄袭的工作中，做得比较好的是turnitin (//turnitin.com)，我们可以通过这个网站了解全球最先进的计算机反抄袭技术也不过就是文字段落的配对。而对付阅卷员，则需要更 加仔细的避开以下ETS所列出的雷区：
Text that is similar to that found in one or more other GRE essay responses
这里讲的就是你的文字和其他考生的文字很接近。相信这项检查将由计算机完成，其原理和turnitin相同。要避免这一点关键是不要背范文，以及要自己来写。有同学会问如果句式一样、内容不同行不行，我的看法是可以，因为你的句子不会和数据库中其他同学任何一个句子相似。
Quoting or paraphrasing, without attribution, language that appears in published or unpublished sources
这里提到的是学术写作中的一个经典问题，就是引述别人的文字时，需要指明这是原作者的工作，而不能将别人的工作据为己有。这里强调的是语言，因此只要每一 句话都是你自己造的就不会有这个问题。如果是引用别人的话，就注明出处即可。第二项也有可能通过计算机完成一部分，比如将一些名人名言录入数据库。
3) Unacknowledged use of work that has been produced through collaboration with others without citation of the contribution of others
这一项指的是在作文中使用了和别人合作的成果而未能引述他人的贡献。比如说考生A和考生B在讨论题库的过程_同想出了某个思路，那么两个考生在考试中使 用这个思路时都必须引述另一个考生也参与了这个思考的事实。我想这条规则主要是针对考生在作文中重复使用相同的思路和例证。其实，ETS并没有禁止使用别 人的东西，而只是强调用了别人的东西，一定要记得给别人相应的credit。
Essays that are submitted as work of the examinee when the words have, in fact, been borrowed from elsewhere or prepared by another person.
注意本项和第三项的关键词有区别，第三项用的是work，是一个很宽泛的概念，涵盖的内容包括文章的思路、例证等;而本项的关键词是words，实际上就是text，这一点和第一项是一致的。第一项强调的是和其他考生的雷同而本项则是和其他已发表文章的雷同。
以上是笔者对ETS政策说明的解释，属于个人观点，仅供参考。接下来，我们可以从独立创作原则的正面角度来讨论如何避免因雷同而被取消成绩。要想避免雷同，考生应从以下几个方面努力：
1) 在观点上要具有洞察力，要有自己的原创特色。观点是GRE作文考试的核心内容，考察考生能否对一个issue进行深入分析与思考并最终提出一个有层次的观 点。有了原创观点就不用担心雷同。我这样说也许有有点像让快饿死的人去吃肉粥。如果真的要借鉴范文观点，我建议应该尽可能做一些调整，以避免第二个雷区。 或者干脆在文中讲明这个思路是借鉴了哪一本参考书的。美国人对真小人比对伪君子要宽容。
2) 在语言上可以使用一些范文的句式，但是绝对不能照抄原文，而是要换掉一些关键词。或者如果要借用关键词，则必须使用别的句式。
3) 在结构上可以采取声东击西的策略，比如把北美范文用在120题的结构和破题策略用在210题上。
4) 在例证方面，使用范文用过的例证没有问题，哪怕用那些被判雷同的例证也没问题。例证是人类的共同知识，谁都可以使用，关键是我们不能用和范文作者同样的思 路和语言来诠释例证并展开类似的论证。因此，越是耳熟能详的例证如牛顿与苹果树、爱迪生孵蛋，要写出原创的内容就越困难，雷同的危险就越大。
总的来说，取消分数是一件很严重的事情，ETS决不会轻易的下手。这个政策背后的原则就是原创性，需要考生有自己的思想、自己的例证和自己的语言。我们一 方面可以在政策允许的范围内对范文进行合法、合理的使用，另一方面更要积极培养我们自己的独立思考能力，从根本上解决雷同问题。
GRE作文范文：Consciously Reconnecting
There may be times when we feel like our connection to the universe is closed. Maybe things don’t seem to be going well in our day, or our lives, or we may feel out of our element. The truth is, the universe is always there for us. We know that we create our experience with our thoughts, and this is another way we need to make a conscious decision about how we want to experience life. It is up to us to do the work of making the connection, because nobody can do it for us, though sometimes the universe may send us wake-up calls.
You can think of it as getting some fresh air. We are always breathing and the air is always around us, surrounding us, moving through us. But we may need to step outside of where we are in the moment—physically, mentally, or emotionally—and make the conscious choice to take a deep breath in order to feel the air coming in and going out. Whether this means stepping outside physically or merely shifting our thoughts, it is only our perception that changes; the air remains the same.
It is just as easy to reconnect with the universe. Using the same technique as a breath of fresh air, a deep breath can bring us back to our center. As we inhale, we fill our bodies with the oxygen needed to replenish our most basic physical needs, allowing the air to circulate within us. Exhaling, we release the stale, the used, the potentially toxic air, removing any blocks that may keep us from going deeper into the stillness that lies at our center where we connect to the universe. Feeling closed off does not need to be a negative experience. When we become conscious of it, we can think of the wholeness of a closed circuit, which allows electricity to connect and flow properly. Our bodies work the same way, and when we make that connection in our minds, it can help bring us back to the connection we seek.
GRE作文范文：Reclaiming Our Roots
Some cultures are more rooted to the earth and connected to their inherent spirituality. But every one of us, even those of us who have been disconnected from our roots for hundreds of years, comes from a place that was once inhabited by people who worshipped and honored the earth on which they lived. In other words, we can all claim this wisdom as an essential part of who we are.
One way we can begin to rediscover our roots is to explore the early earth-based religions practiced in the parts of the world that birthed our ancestors. If we explore the ancient spiritual practices of our ancestors, we will find that their practices and beliefs share many elements with Native American, African, and aboriginal religious traditions. People who are connected to the earth and honor her share a fundamental philosophy that we can claim as our own because we too are of the earth. Many of us have become so disconnected from the earth that it feels foreign and awkward to imagine communing with her or performing a ritual for her. If we are honest, though, we will find within ourselves a yearning to feel more connected, more grounded, and more at home in this world. This yearning can lead us back to our disowned roots, which, of course, leads us right into the heart of the earth.
As we begin to see more clearly the people we come from, we can begin to alter our perception of who we are now, laying claim to our inherent relatedness to the earth. We might celebrate this by observing the ancient calendar of solstices and equinoxes, celebrating and honoring the cycle of the seasons as our ancestors did, or we might explore any one of the many earth-based practices through reading or participating in ritual. When we do these things, we tap back into our roots, finding nourishment at the wellspring of our earthly origins, the source we share with all of humanity.
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