托福阅读必备备考书籍推荐
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托福阅读必备备考书籍推荐
很多考生在备考托福的时候会很迷茫，不知道选择哪些合适自己的备考资料，面对市面上林林总总的各式各样的参考书籍不知如何下手，实际上就托福阅读来说其实备考资料是非常明确的，下面老师就从词汇，题型和模考三个方面给大家推荐一些备考“神器”。
首先不得不提的就是词汇，词汇是很多同学备考托福的硬伤，面对8000-10000以上的词汇量要求，刷单词，提高自己的词汇量是同学们首先要考虑的问题。词汇的积累不是一蹴而就的短期行为，而是贯穿我们整个备考过程的每天都要打卡完成的规定动作，下面的基本词汇书都可以帮助大家提高同学们备考“打底”的词汇基本功。
1.伊迪丝·皮尔曼《蜜露》Honeydew by Edith Pearlman
Pearlman writes quiet stories about theblips of tumult . She's been writing short stories -- and only short tories --for decades, chronicling the lives of earnest blue collar workers and himsicalacademics. Most of the stories are set in her native Massachusetts; all of themreveal something tender and universal about everyday life.
皮尔曼安安静静的笔调下有些许动荡和喧嚣。她一直就在写短篇小说，而且数十年来只写短篇小说，记录着热忱勤勉的蓝领工人还有异想天开的学者们的生活。大部分的故事背景都设置在她的故土马萨诸塞州，每一则故事都展现了日常生活细小而普遍的一面。
2.琼·西尔珀《傻瓜》Fools by Joan Silber
Each story in Fools confronts the uestion:What makes an action foolish, as opposed to brave? And when is it better to befoolish, as opposed to steadfast in our established beliefs?
《傻瓜》中每一则故事都面临这样一个问题：比之勇敢，怎样的行为才算愚昧?与我们深信不疑的信念相对，何时做个傻瓜才是更好的选择?
3.凯瑟琳·海尼的《单身、随性、成熟》Single, Carefree, Mellow by KatherineHeiny
Katherine Heiny writes stories that quietly ighlight the dramas of dating life, from teenagehood through adulthood. Heinywrites about both lover growing estranged through social media, and young girls learning about the power of their own sexualities, with wry humor.
凯瑟琳·海尼的故事不动声色地突出了约会的戏剧色彩，从豆蔻年华到成年时期，不一而足。海尼不单单写因社交媒体而逐渐疏离的情侣，也写年轻女孩认识到其声色的威力，笔调不乏揶揄嘲讽。
4.玛丽莲·罗宾逊《小时候，我读书》When I Was a Child I Read Books byMarilynne Robinson
Marilynne In When I Was a Child I Read Books,Robinson fluidly contemplates significance of community and the power of theindividual. You don't have to be a religious thinker to find beauty inRobinson's poetic musings.
《小时候，我读书》一书中，罗宾逊行文流畅，深思社区的重要性和个体的力量。读者即便不信奉宗教，也能发现罗宾逊富有诗意的哲思之美。
5.莉莉·塔克《莉莲的双重生活》The Double Life of Liliane by Lily Tuck
Lily Tuck's latest novel isn't exactly amemoir, but it sits somewhere between novel and autobiography, blurring thelines between related memory and imagined possible scenarios. Like Tuck,heroine Liliane's parents divorced when she was young, wreaking personal havocthat mirrored the tragedies unfolding in Europe at the same time.
莉莉·塔克的最新小说确切说来不是回忆录，介于小说和自传间，模糊了记忆和想象场景的界限。和莉莉·塔克小时候一样，女主人翁莉莲年少父母离异，深受重创，也映照出同期欧洲的悲剧。
6.拉瑞德·亨特《不归》Neverhome by Laird Hunt
Hunt tells his story about a womandisguised as a male solider through letters. The story is loosely based on abundle of letters Hunt stumbled upon written by a real undercover femalesoldier and is a smart work of historical fiction that encouragescontemplation.
亨特通过书信形式讲述了一个女子伪装成男军人的故事。亨特偶然间撞见一捆信件，是一个真实的卧底女军人所写的，亨特的历史小说稍稍以此为参照，引人深思，是部智慧的作品。
7.凯思琳·奥尔科特《无限的家园》Infinite Home by Kathleen Alcott
Protagonist Edith has built a happy familyof her own among her tenants -- until she gets slammed with potential evictionas her mind begins to worsen. The unsteady state of their home and theirlandlady forges an even closer bond between the housemates in this lyricalmeditation on what really makes up a family.
主人公伊蒂丝与其房客们建立了一个幸福的家庭，然而，随着记性变差，她或将被驱逐。家庭不稳定，女房东与房客们的关系更紧密了。这部抒情的沉思录引人思考究竟何为组成家庭的要素。
8.里查德·麦奎尔《这儿》Here by Richard McGuire
This book is a heartwarming time capsule,and fluid look at the way our interior lives have evolved, and how they'veremained the same.
这本书是温暖人心的时空胶囊，以温婉的视角看我们的内心演变以及又如何初心不变。
9.海蒂·朱拉薇姿《折叠的时钟》The Folded Clock by Heidi Julavits
The Folded Clock is a Diary, a collectionof musings written offhandedly each day by its author. It's been scrubbed ofidentifying details, but otherwise remains a deeply personal collection ofthoughts about motherhood, language, and hat success really means.
《折叠的时钟》是部日记，是作者每日随手写就的遐思集。书中隐去了透露身份的信息，但仍是身为人母的感想、对语言的思考和阐述成功之道的个人思想集。
10.莉迪娅·戴维斯《"不行"与"不能"》Can't and Won't by Lydia Davis
Davis' stories are quick, dreamy snapshotsof a mood or a sentiment, and they take the shape of the idle thoughts thatmake up most of our days. Davis's spare language is comforting and digestible,but leaves ample room for contemplation and imagination, too.
戴维斯的故事轻松宜人、直击人心。故事取材于我们日常生活七零八碎的心思想法。戴维斯平实简练的语言安抚人心、易于理解，但有给读者足够想象和沉思的空间。
托福阅读中遇到不认识的单词该怎么处理?
1.托福阅读词汇根据定义、解释猜测词义
We all know that ants are ferocious eaters. They differ widely in their di and may be carnivorous, herbivorous, or omnivorous, meaning that some eat meat; others eat only plants while others eat a combination of both.由后面的解释我们可以得知：“carnivorous”的意思是“食肉的”;“herbivorous”的意思是“食草的”;“omnivorous”的意思是“杂食的”。
2.托福阅读词汇根据复述(同位语、定语等)猜测词义
Today, I’d like to talk about some of the changes land can undergo, specifically desertification, process through which land becomes part of a desert.
后面的同位语告诉我们“desertification”的意思是“沙漠化。”
3.托福阅读题中根据举例猜测词义
After breakfast, many people go to church; but the children will be playing with their new toys, and the mother will probably be preparing the Christmas dinner. This includes poultry for the main course (e.g. chicken, turkey, duck, goose), salads, breads, and vegetable, and features a variety of desserts, for example, pies, puddings, and ice cream.
“chicken, turkey, duck, goose”同属“poultry：家禽”。
现在的雅思，托福考试以及即将改革的SAT考试，都呈现一种趋势。考试更注重学生的英文功底，综合的英语运用能力。考试更侧重于测试学生真实的语言功底，呈现一种去模板化，去培训化的模式。
学生综合英语素质的提升，取决于自身的英语基本功底，从听、说、读、写各方面全方位的提高。词汇，语法，语言理解能力均衡发展，是将来考试测试的重点。综合英语系列课程选用了当前最优秀的引进教材，采用国际流行的教学模式，深度剖析英语作为第二语言学习的特点，选取当下的热点话题，让学生在学习过程中也能丰富视野，为将来的留学做好充足的准备。
听说教程的教材选用了《朗文当代听说教程》，阅写教程的教材选用了《积极英语阅读教程》，两套教程相辅相成，采用进阶式的编排方式，内容详实，题材丰富。对于那些没有出国打算，只是想提升英语的同学来说，也是非常契合的。
综合英语系列课程共分三个阶段：综合英语基础阶段;综合英语提升阶段以及综合英语强化阶段。通过系统的综合英语课程学习，学生可以全面提升自己的英语水平，充分为将来的雅思，新托福以及SAT考试打下坚实的基础。教程里面的词汇，语法训练以及文章体裁都充分迎合目前的各类考试，学生也可以提前熟悉各类的文章体裁，提前了解国外学习生活的模式。
各个阶段学习结束都有相应的阶段测试，用来评估学生学习的进度及效果，方便制定后续的学习计划。
4.根据对比关系猜测词义
Jane was talking with others while Eliza remained reticent all the time.
“while”是一个显示对比的信号词，“reticent”与“talking”相对应，“reticent”：沉默的。
5.根据比喻关系猜测词义
The hot-air balloon took off. It was as buoyant in the air as a cork (软木塞) in water.
把热气球比作水中的软木塞，说明“buoyant ”的意义：“漂浮;浮力。”
6.根据同义词的替代猜测词义
Venus rotates retr_rade, or “backwards”, spinning in the opposite direction of its orbit around the Sun.
由“backwards”这一替代词得知“retr_rade”的意思：“向后的。”
7.有时也可根据一般性常识/生活经验猜测词义
The door was so low that I hit my head on the lintel.
门太低，我的头撞在“lintel门楣”上了。
8.也可根据词形构造猜测词义
More recently, scientists have documented an alarmingly high occurrence of fr_s with malformations.
form是词根, formation“形式”，mal-:构词前缀，可表示“坏、恶、不良”，还可表示“不、不正常、不当、非法。”malformation的意思就应该是“畸形。”更多的例子如：malnutrition: 营养不良;malconduct:(公职人员的)胡作非为;maladjustive: 引起失调的;不利调节的。
当然，要想做到这一点，就必须掌握英语常用的前缀、后缀及词根的意义。
托福阅读之如何应对倒装句?
1.never等具有否定意义或否定形式的词或词组位于句首时用倒装。
常见词或词组有： not, never, rarely, little, hardly, seldom, on no account, by no means, neither, nor …
因此，对于倒装句“…not until the second of December did they kill their first elk.”来说，第一步先把句子变成正常语序，即把not的位置还原，第二步再理解句子。那么这个句子就变成“…they did not kill their first elk until the second of December。” “not…until”表示“直到……才”，因此句子意思为：他们直到第二年的十二月才杀死了第一批麋鹿。
2.当“only+状语”位于句首时表强调使用倒装。
备考资料例句：Only recently have investigators considered using these plants to clean up soil and waste sites…(练习题5-1 Minerals and Plants)
解析：该句是only+recently(时间状语)位于句首引起的倒装，因此该句变成正常语序为：“Investigators have only recently considered using these plants to clean up soil and waste sites…”,意思为：研究人员最近才考虑使用这些植物清理土壤和垃圾场。
3.为加强语气“so/such…that”结构中的so或such位于句首时用倒装。
备考资料例句：“So admired were these pieces that they encouraged the development of earthenware made in imitation of porcelain and instigated research into the method of their manufacture.(练习题10-1 Chinese Pottery)
解析：该句是“so…that”结构中的so位于句首引起的倒装，因此该句变成正常语序为：“These pieces were so admired that they encouraged the development of earthenware made in imitation of porcelain and instigated research into the method of their manufacture.”意思为：这些艺术品受到极高的赞赏，于是他们鼓励制陶来仿制瓷器，并激励人们研究制作方法。
4.主语较长，为使句子平衡或强调，倒装表语或状语
这种倒装句通常是介词短语、形容词(短语)和分词(短语)位于句首。
如：
By his sides is his wife who is very elegant and beautiful.(在他旁边是他美丽优雅的妻子)
Green are the clouds in the sky and faded are leaves on the ground.(碧云天，黄叶地)
Sitting in the class are students who come from all across the China.(坐在教室里的学生来自中国各地)
备考资料例句：Missing until recently were fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans.(备考指导 The Origins of Cetaceans)
解析：该句的主语是“fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans.”其中“intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans”(哺乳动物和海洋鲸鱼之间过渡性)是“fossils”的定语。由于该句主语过长，为了使句子平衡，把表语“Missing until recently”置于句首引起倒装句。该句变成正常语序为：“Fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans were missing until recently.”意思为“哺乳动物和海洋鲸鱼之间过渡性的化石现在找到了。”
5. 如果虚拟条件句的谓语部分含有were, had, 或should, 可以把他们放到句首,省略连词if,变成倒装句。
备考资料例句1：In contrast, should another ice age occur, sea level would drop drastically.(练习题15-3 Glacier Formation)
解析：对于这种倒装句的处理是：第一步，把if还原;第二部，理解句子。因此if还原之后该句变成：“In contrast, if another ice age should occur, sea level would drop drastically.”由if引导的从句“should occur”的使用可知，该句是对将来的虚拟。意思为：对比之下，如果再次发生冰川世纪，海平面将会大大下降
备考资料例句2：Their significance may have remained clear had the Chinese not come under foreign influence.(练习题10-1 Chinese Pottery 11题)
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