托福听力:iBT结构听力法
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托福听力:iBT结构听力法
新托福听力所考察的,就是大家能否抓住主要内容的能力,能否忽略细小的细节,抓住最主要的结构,不管是听力部分,还是口语或者写作,都需要考生具备这种能力,因此我用“结构听力法”命名我的教学法。
所谓的结构听力法,顾名思义就是学会如何抓主要结构。首先,我们可以分析一下托福听力的考察方面。根据官方指南所给出的托福听力对技能的考察,我们可以看出,托福听力主要考察三个方面:
1. basic understanding (基本理解)50%
2. pragmatic understanding (实际理解)25%
3. connecting information (连接信息)25 `%
而这三个方面如果再详细的分析的话,可以看出具体是考察6种技能:
1. identifying the topic and main idea (主题)
2. listen for details (主要细节)
3. determining attitude and purpose (态度,目的,重放题较多)
4. making inferences and predictions (推断题)
5. categorization information (分类)
6. summering a process (过程)
通过分析OG上的样题,ETS的在线模考题,还有目前我们能接触到的托福的模拟题,我们可以看出,每个对话和讲座所出的题目,其实都是有规律的,也就是每篇文章都有相对固定的出题点,那么只要我们把握了这些出题点,在听录音的时候注意抓这些结构,在看到一个题目的时候,不管题目是怎么出的,只要我们能判断出来它想考查什么东西,一般都能正确的答题。
听任何一篇文章的时候,我们要注意如下的10点主要结构,每个结构都对应上述的考察点:
1主题,2定义,3因果,4过程,5例子,
6转折,7强调,8列举,9比较,10总结
对于对话来说,一般是考察这样几点:
1. 对话的主题
2. 造成问题的原因(双反反复解释的)
3. 老师的解释或者建议
4. 对话的结果
5. 一般会有一个重放录音的题目,考察具体语句的意思,或者说话人的态度(OG上明确说,每个对话和讲座,至少有一个重放录音题目)
抓住这5点,几乎对话的所有题目都在这个范围之内。大家可以在做对话的练习中,不断体验这个结构。
对于一个讲座来说,它的结构可能会涉及到上述所讲的10点中的几个方面。讲座都是有相对固定的结构的,这是有英语文章的写作特点决定的。英语文章结构严谨,形式固定,总分总非常明显。而讲座只不过是这些文章变成了讲述版,夹杂了一些口语表达语言习而已。例如,有的讲座,是先讲述一个主题,再定义,举例子,再总结,中间可能会出现某些重要细节的强调。有些讲座是讲两样事物,开始进行分类,定义,对比,举例子,强调重要细节,总结。等等。我们熟悉了讲座的讲解形式,就可以去抓这些结构。做到每次听到某些信号词的时候就要特别小心,记笔记,预测出题点。
例如,
我要求我的学生,只要听到分类列举,就一定要记笔记。标志性的句子是“there are three majorreasons for…” “there are two major types of glaciers. One is…the other is…” 一般自己预期的是后面会出现一个搭配题或者是判断题。
只要听到老师说 “remember! Keep that in mind! One importantelement in…A very interesting theory about this is…”证明是在强调,一会应该预期会出一到相关的细节题。
只要听到 “different, distinguish, distinction, similar,same” 不管是在任何时候,都要注意听对比,肯定会有一道题目考察这个。
只要在开头听到 “development, formation, process, procedure,approach”,就一定要注意预期过程,步骤,必定会考某种形式的排序题。只要听到表示顺序的词语,一定要记笔记,否则光靠听会漏掉细节。
只要听到例子, “say…, take…for example, for instance…” 就一定要仔细听这个例子到底在说明什么道理。可以不写太多,但是一定要抓住老师为何说这个例子。几乎每个讲座都会考,老师为什么提到每个例子。
只要听到总结 “to sum up, in summary”, 一定要注意听总结的内容。很多推断题,预测题,都是对讲座最后一点的推断。绝对不能放掉。
每次在范听,记笔记的时候,都注意抓这些信息点。然后结合题目,看自己的笔记是否能和题目的出题点对应上。每次做题都分析错误的原因,以便下次能够在记笔记的时候能更加准确。
托福听力中的长句听不清怎么办
在托福听力中有很多连读,如果不知道很容易听不清或者听错,所谓连读,指的词与词之间交界的两个音会经常连在一起,发音时好象连成了一个较长的单词。托福听力技巧,大家要有所了解。连读有助于完整意义的表达,并使整句话具有强烈的粘着感,体现句子的整体性,充分体现美语语言的自然流畅。要从你的口语着手,只要你读的时候是连读的,听起来就熟悉了。
托福听力中常见的三大连读形式,考生们可以先掌握了技巧再去针对性的练习,相信你一定能够渡过托福听力连读这道坎。
托福听力连读一,辅元连读。在一个句子或短语中,前一个单词以辅音结尾,后一个单词以元音开头时,需要将辅音和元音拼在一起连读。如:when I, run out of; fit it in; not at all; call it a day。
托福听力连读二,元元连读。第一种,在一个句子中或短语中,前一个单词的发音以/i/或/ai/结尾,后一个单词以元音开头时,中间加一个半元音/j/,如:I am...第二种,在一个句子或短语中,前一个单词的发音以/u/或/u:/结尾,后一个单词以元音开头时,加一个半元音/w/, 如:you are,who are。
托福听力连读三,h/读穿。如,isn’the; I just hope that my old suit still fits; Just stick around here; if I see her。
托福听力必备习语汇总1
above all - most importantly
account for - explain
as a matter of fact - in fact ,to speak the truth
as a rule - generally ;normally
about to - be ready to;be on the point of doing something
an old hand - be an experienced persom
any day now -soon
approach sb -talk to sb
be fed up with - be out of patience with
be on one’s own - live independently
be on the safe side - take no chances
be out of something - have no longer in supply
be tired of - be bored with ,frustrated with
be up to ones’ears - be extremely busy
be up to someone -be a person’s responsibility
be out for -trying to get
be out of the question - be unacceptable ,impossible
bite off more than one can chew - take on more than one can handle
break down - cease to function
break the ice - begin to be friendly wuth people one doesn’t know
break the news - inform or give bad news
brush up on - imporve noe’s knowledge of something through study
bump into - meet unexpectedly
by and large - in general
by heart - by memory
by all means - absolutely ,definitely
by no means - in no way
call off -cancel
cheer up - be happy
come down with - become sick with
come into -receive,especially after another’s death
come up with - think of
count on - depend upon
count out - eliminate
die down - become quiet ,become less
do without - manage without something
drop by - visit informally; pay a short visit
every other - alternate
fall behind - lag; fail to accomplish something on time
托福听力必备习语汇总2
fall through - fail to happen or be completed
far cry form - completely different from;a long way
feel like - have a desire or wish for
feel up to - feel well enough to or be capabele of
few and far between - not happening often; rate
figure out - determine; reason out by thinking
fill in for -take another’s place
fill sb.in - tell what sb. should know
fish out of water - out of one’s element or natural environment
flying colors -success,victory
for good - permanently; forever
for the time being - for now; temporarily
get away with - escape without punishment
get rid of - give something away; sell, destroy, or throw away something
get the ball rolling - start something; make a beginning
get the hang of - understand; learn
give a hand - help
go without saying - understood; clear without needing to be stated
go off -begin to ring
hang on - keep hold of; persevere;keep doing something
hard to come by - difficult to obtain
have a heart - have kind feelings; be understanding
have a hunch - have an idea based on feelings rather than reason
hold off - delay;postpone
hop to it - get started on something quickly
hit it off - get along well with someone
ill at ease - uncomfortable
in hot water - in trouble
in the air -uncertain
in the dark - keep someone without knowdge; information from somenoe
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