新托福阅读题型解析之填表题技巧
众所周知托福阅读考试当中有10大类题型，除了图表题近年来很少看到之外，其它9类题型在考试的都是会出现的。如果你在托福备考的过程当中对于这些题型没有了解其它结构以及解题方法，那么对于你的托福阅读考试提分是非常不利的。这里小编为大家带来托福阅读填表题解题技巧，希望对大家有帮助。
新托福阅读题型解析之填表题解题技巧
托福阅读题型解析之填表题
这类题型出现的较少，大家也可以了解一下。
OG中明确给出了本类题目计分的原则。分类填表题给出的表一般有2类或者3类组成;有四种情况：2类5正确选项;3类5正确选项;2类7正确选项;3类7正确选项。对于有5个正确选项得题，一共值3分，答对5个得3分，答对4个得2分，答对3个得1分，答对2个或2个以下不得分;对于有7个正确选项的题，共值4分，答对7个得4分，答对6个得3分，答对5个得2分，答对4个得1分，答对3个或3个以下不得分。
这种题，无论是分成2类还是3类，都肯定是文章中明确给出的。而且应该是文章写作的线索，是文章划分结构的依据。都有很明显的结构上的标志，有助于区分开。正确选项，一般都在文中以小列举的形式出现，只要把握了文章结构，选出来并不困难。我认为这种题比较容易。练习几次就能找到窍门，应该好好把握这种肥而不腻的题。
托福阅读题最重要的是找到阅读段的主题句，分析出出题者的意图，然后根据文章关键词进行答题。考生在做托福阅读题的时候需要重视开头段，结尾段和过渡段，在这三
个地方，一般会包含着托福阅读段的真实题义。
托福阅读解题技巧之表格题目
IBT阅读中的表格题是新题型，同时在IBT听力部分也出现了。与听力部分不同的是，IBT阅读部分的表格题既包括了对全文重点内容的发问又包括了对全文主题和结论发问。它们以对比表格和总结表格的形式出现。相对于听力表格题来说，阅读部分的难度系数更大一些。在IBT阅读的3篇文章中有两个此类问题，且通常是文章最后一道题目，为2分。
一、表格题分为两大类：总结表格题和对比表格题。
1、总结表格题
相对而言， 总结表格题的出现频率要高于对比表格题，这是由它们自身特点，出题方式和原文是否具备对比对照关系这三方面的因素决定的。
2、题的出题模式有两种：
一种是针对全文内容出题，答案由全文的主题，细节和重点支持段落的概述三部分组成。另外一种是针对文章中的重点支持性段落出题，答案由这些重点支持性段落主题，段落结论，以及重点支持性例子的概述三部分组成。这里我们重点看第一种出题模式。
我们来看一个例子，
The Atlantic Cod Fishery
Off the northeastern shore of North America, from the island of Newfoundland in Canada south to new England in the United States, there is a series of shallow areas called banks. Several large banks off Newfoundland are together called Grand Banks, huge shoals on the edge of North American continental shelf, where the warm waters of the Gulf Stream meet the cold waters of Labrador Current. As the currents brush each other, they stir up mineral from the ocean floor, providing nutrients for plankton and tiny shrimp-like creatures called krill, which feed on the plankton. Herring and other small fish rise to the surface to eat the krill. Groundfish, such as the Atlantic cod, live in the ocean’s bottom layer, congregating in the shallow waters where they prey on krill and small fish. This rich environment has produced cod by the millions and once had a greater density of cod than anywhere else on Earth.
Beginning in the eleventh century, boats from the ports of north western Europe arrived to fish the Grand Banks. For the next eight centuries, the entire Newfoundland economy taking fish back to European markets. Cod laid out to dry on wooden “flakes” was a common sight in the fishing villages dotting the coast. Settlers in the region used to think the only sea creature worth talking about was cod, and in the local speech the word “fish” became synonymous with cod. Newfoundland’s national dish was a pudding whose main ingredient was cod.
By the nineteenth century, the Newfoundland fishery was largely controlled by merchants based in the capital at St. John’s. They marketed the catch supplied by the fishers working out of more than 600 villages around the long coastline. In return, the merchants provided fishing equipment, clothing, and all the food that could not be grown in the island’s thin, rocky soil. This system kept the fishers in a continuous state of debt and dependence on the merchants.
托福阅读填入表格题出题思路解析
我们在做托福阅读的时候，会碰到这样一种题型：
Directions: Complete the table below by selecting three answer choices that are characteristics of primary groups and two answer choices that are characteristics of secondary groups. This question is worth 3 points.
这种题型ETS称之为填入表格题，别名对号入座题，这类题型大多出现于整体架构有分类或对比的文章中，与文章小结题不会同时出现，属于互斥，但与文章小结题非常类似，都出现在文章的最后一题，题干相对固定，填入表格题不仅考察学生对主体信息与细节信息的区分能力，还考察学生对不同信息分类填入表格的能力。一般是七选五的题目，五个全正确，满分三分，四个正确得两分，三个正确得一分，两个或两个以下，没有分，也就是你全做对了，性价比会很高，就做对两个或一个，浪费了时间还没有分，不如不做，很悲催是吧，很多同学一碰到填入表格题就头疼，觉得找不到地方，信息点又很琐碎，回原文定位时间需求量比较大，所以得到满分的情况不多，那我们有没有什么方法可以缩减做题时间并提升正确率呢?先从出题思路说起。
首先我们先来分析一下填入表格题的题目特点，七选五或五选三，再对号入座，换句话说，必定有两个多余的选项是不能跟给出的表格匹配的，那我们在做题的时候可以先排除掉这两个无关选项，再进行信息匹配，那怎样一眼就可以排除掉呢，看主体，主体一致的保留，不一致的直接排除，举个例子：
Directions: Complete the table below by matching THERE of the five answer choices with the ways advances supported agriculture and the military.
A. They were the first to invent the wheel.
B. The Sumerians were the first to use writing.
C. The stars told when it was time to plant.
D. The wheel was used for carts in battle.
E. Writing kept track of food storage.
Sumerian Civilization
The Sumerians made many advances. They first improved agriculture. They later established a military. The Sumerians are thought to have invented the wheel. It was first used for pottery, which was essential for storing crops. Then it was used for grinding grain. Last, it was then used for farm and military vehicles. Sumerians were the first to use writing and math, even before the Egyptians. This helped them organize their society. These systems were used to keep track of food storage and trade. The military used it to keep track of men, weapons, and supplies. They were the first to study the stars and sun in a serious way. It helped them tell time so they could decide when to plant crops. A way of reading the stars also helped them plan when to attack their enemies. They believed that the state could speak of their success or failure.
解析：先看题目，要求五选三，分别选出支持agriculture和 military，这两个单词大家都不陌生，指农业和军事，那我们选的选项得跟这两方面对应，谨记这一点，我们看选项，A中陈述他们最先发明轮子，没写作用，说跟农业和军事有关吗?无关，排除;B中陈述他们最先使用写作，没写影响，说跟农业和军事有关吗?无关，排除。排除了两个无关选项，下一步就是对号入座了，C中出现了plant，跟农业有关，D中出现了battle，跟军事有关，五选三，农业选二，军事选一，那剩余的E项肯定是跟农业有关的了，而且E中出现了food，符合我们的选择，我们已经完全做对了题目，做题速度大有提高吧，看到这，可能有同学说我们只看几个关键词，那如果有关键词但表述错误怎么办，这样只看关键词选择是不是就不对了，这时要明白的是我们已经把无关选项排除掉了，也就是说剩余的选项必定是相关的，必定也是正确的，这时候我们完全可以根据关键词进行信息匹配，再对号入座就能够做对题目了。
然而，无关选项我们能很快的挑出来，难就难在有时候每个选项好像都是相关，就是不确定对不对，这时候我们没法先排除再对号入座，这时候就考察我们区分主要信息和次要信息的能力了，区分主要还是次要，就要看这个句子需不需要被论证，表格填入题一般出题点在文中出现对比的地方，这就要求我们在阅读文章的时候要抓住哪些是对比之处，即不同点，最能彰显两者不同的特点也就是主要信息了。下面看例题：
Directions: Complete the table below by matching TWO of the five answers choices with the kinds of earthquakes.
A. Both shake like guitar strings.
B. Plates rub together and slip.
C. Plates crack in the middle.
D. Surface plates move.
E. Energy is released in waves.
An earthquake happens when the surface plate of our earth move. Sometimes the plates rub together. These are called interplate quakes. When there is a sudden slip between the plates, energy is released in the form of shock waves. Both plates shake like a guitar string when it is picked. Quakes can also happen when a crack in the middle of a plate forms. These are called intraplate quakes. They often surprise scientists because they happen in places that they do not ever expect earthquakes.
解析：对号入座一对一，题目简单，我们看看做题思路是怎样的，一开始不确定选项有关无关，那着重看文章中出现两个对比之处，已用蓝色标出，these，指代题，跟前面有关，两者对比关系可以表示为：Sometimes the plates rub together--interplate quakes和 Quakes can also happen when a crack in the middle of a plate forms-- intraplate quakes。会发现，第一个的关键信息点是rub together，第二个是crack in the middle of a plate forms，大体浏览一下所有选项，会发现B中出现rub together，属于interplate quakes;C中出现crack in the middle，属于 intraplate quakes，那我们就选出正确答案了，这时候选项A、D、E的对错已无关紧要了，因为它们不是最能表现两者不同之处的特点，也就无需再去考虑对错了。
通过这两个简单的例题，希望同学们能了解ETS对填入表格题的出题思路，用简单的思想去攻克复杂的题，这是明智的解题方法。填入表格题出现的频率虽不如文章小结题高，但出现一次我们攻克一次，把性价比相当高的填入表格题当作送分的题目那是相当爽的，希望同学们可以细细体会做题方法，仔细思考出题点，每做一次题就要有一次新收获，最后祝大家考出好成绩。
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