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托福阅读做题有何先后顺序

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托福阅读做题有何先后顺序

读一段文章,做相应的题目,然后再读一段,再做相应的题目;读文章各段首句,然后看题目,再找文章内相应部分做题。

对于多数人来说,可能“读文章各段首句,然后看题目,再找文章内相应部分做题”的托福阅读做题顺序会比较合适,读各段首句可以粗略掌握文章大意和结构,做题再看内容再做能大大降低“工作量”,但是这种做法不利于对全文的消化吸收,从而不利于做总结题,也可能会遗漏文章内的一些细节而导致做错细节题。

而新托福阅读目前反馈大都是顺序出题的,所以建议练习时就尽量往“读一段做相应题目,再读一段再做相应题目”这一顺序去靠拢,可以对文章有全面的把握,虽然总量上还是要读完全文,但是对大脑的短期记忆的负担要比通读全文再做题目小很多。

在新托福阅读中,甚至可以扩展到ETS所有考试的阅读题目中,如果要用一个词来概括的话,那就是paraphrase,意译。无论是题干还是正确选项,大都能在原文中找出一句话来与之相对应。即题目是原文的意译。这种意译是通过同义词来完成的。准确把握意译,是多数题目中准确在原文中定位信息、或者在迷惑选项中选出正确的那个,都有着重要的作用。

关于先看题目还是先看文章的问题。也就是做题时间安排的问题。由于对问题的回答建立在了熟悉全文的基础上,每个问题又有足够的时间返回全文,每个选项都一一进行斟酌。

托福阅读修饰目的题考察点

托福阅读题型中的修饰目的题,在一定程度上也叫例证题,它主要考查考生透过表面特定的修辞方法/方式发掘潜在的目的能力。发现外在修辞特征背后的修辞目的是这类题目的主要考察点。一般来说,问题会要求考生理解为什么作者在文章中用某些词,词组和句子。在托福阅读题型的考察中会有以下3-4个这类型题目。

1、修辞目的题的两种考察形式

在考试中,托福阅读题型里有这类题目两种不同的考察形式:一种是给出修辞手段问目的,另一种是给出修辞目的问手段。

其常见的题目形式如下:

The author uses X as an example of…

Why does the author mention X?

Why does the author compare …to …?

Why does the author use the word …in discussing…?

The author discusses X in paragraph X in order to…

The author uses X as an example of…

2、解题技巧

找出这些修辞方法所用的关键词,例如定义中所用的同位语;描述事物大小、形状的形容词和名词;举例用的词,如,for instance,for example, in other words;用来解释的词语,如because, this is why, due to等。

举例:

One of the most puzzling aspects of the paintings is their location. Other rock paintings,for example, those of Bushmen in South Africa are either located near cave entrances or completely in the open. Cave paintings in France and Spain, however, are in recesses and caverns far removed from original cave entrances.

Why does the author mention Bushmen in South Africa in paragraph 2?

To suggest that ancient artists from all over the world painted animals on rocks

To contrast the location of their rock paintings to those found at Lascaux

To support the claim that early artists worked in cramped spaces

To give an example of other artists who painted in hidden locations

首先分析问题题目,找出其关键词:Bushmen in South Africa。之后回到原文看其前后的句子,找到原文的关键词for example,通过分析知道,这一例子的目的是为了说明它前面的那句话,即这些绘画的位置令人费解。作者以对比的手法来说明这一点:Bushmen in South Africa的绘画常位于洞口或洞外,而法国和西班牙的洞穴绘画(本文所说的绘画)却位于远离最初洞口的深处。由此可见,Bushmen in South Africa的例子是为了说明Lascaux绘画位置的怪异。第二个选项符合此意,为正确答案。

托福阅读正误判断题解题技巧

正误判断题(true or false)是考查读者根据文章中阐明的信息,判断什么信息是正确的,什么信息是错误的或文章中没有提到的。考生的任务是在文章中找到相关信息,从而证实四个选项中有三个是正确的,并且/或者有一个选项是错误的。

例题:

…although we now tend to refer to the various crafts according to the materials used to construct them-clay, glass, wood, fiber, and metal-it was once common to think of crafts in terms of function, which led to their being known as the “applied arts.” approaching crafts from the point of view of function, we can divide them into simple categories: containers, shelters, and supports. there is no way around the fact that containers, shelters, and supports must be functional. the applied arts are thus bound by the laws of physics, which pertain to both the materials used in their making and the substances and things to be contained, supported, and sheltered. these laws are universal in their application, regardless of cultural beliefs, geography, or climate. if a pot has no bottom or has large openings in its sides, it could hardly be considered a container in any traditional sense…

the passage discusses applied-art objects in relation to all of the following except

a. the techniques used in their construction

b. the ways they have been classified

c. their function

d. the universality of the laws that govern them

[解析]

正误判断题实际上也是在考察考生理解文章主要信息的能力,从这一点来讲是与factual information(事实信息题)相似的,两种题型存在的差异就在于正误判断题是要求考生从四个选项中筛选出与文章不符或文章中没有提到的信息。

仔细阅读这一段,我们发现这一段主要是在讨论1,在过去,人们常常是根据功能来区分手工艺术品的,从而产生了“applied arts(应用艺术品)”这一概念;2,从功能的角度来区分手工艺术品,可以把它们分为收纳物(container)、遮蔽物(shelter)、支撑物(support);3,应用艺术品受到laws of physics的限定,不仅限定了制作这些艺术品的材料也限定了他们所收纳的、遮蔽的、支撑的物体。这些laws是防止四海皆准的,在任何文化信仰、世界的任何地方和任何一种气候条件都是一样的。比如如果一个没有底的罐子或是一个在旁边开口的罐子,就很难被定一位是收纳物。

整个段落都没有提及建造这些艺术品所使用的技术,所以a是文章中没有提到的,为正确答案。

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