托福和雅思阅读的区别是什么哪个更难

楚薇2分享 2024-03-08 06:38:14

虽然托福和雅思两个考试都有听说读写四个部分，但是考察方式差距还是比较大的。下面小编为大家详细介绍一下托福和雅思在阅读部分的差别。需要注明的是，这里我们将用2019年8月1日后改革后的托福考试形式进行比较。

托福和雅思阅读的区别是什么哪个更难？

考试	托福	雅思
时间	54分钟（不含加试的情况）	60分钟
题目数量	3篇文章，30题，每篇10题	3篇文章，40题（每篇13-14题）
文章长度	700词左右/篇	800-1000词
题型	单项选择题、多项选择题（6选3、7选5等）	选择题、填空题（形式多样）、判断正误题、标题匹配题、段落匹配题、信息匹配题、简答题等
文章来源	由ETS考试中心根据学术材料撰写改编，市面上没有	选自报刊、杂志、书籍、学术期刊的真实文本
题材	学术文章	题材广泛

相比雅思，托福阅读呈现以下特点：

1、托福阅读题目考查更直观。托福基本所有题目均为ABCD形式的选择题，只不过题目内部考察的侧重点不同。而雅思阅读的题型较多，不同的题型则需要学生使用不同的应考策略。比如，我经常会对雅思的判断正误题发怵，因为这类题目除了判断正确错误还会有一项叫做NOT-GIVEN，即原文没有给出。这就很容易让我这种过度推断的人胆战心惊，很有可能抓到一些文章蛛丝马迹就去判断正确错误，而其实文本没有非常直接的证据证明对错。

2、托福阅读文章更强调学术性。托福文章由出题人员从学术研究中总结凝练改编而来，所以文章相对来说比较枯燥，语言很学术化，不生活化。而雅思的文章广度上更大，有杂志文章、书籍文章也有学术期刊文章。

能否理性地量化托福文章和雅思文章哪个更难一些呢?我用Lexile-Index这样一个工具进行对比。Lexile-Index又称为蓝思指数，是专门对文本复杂度进行衡量的工具。我们选取雅思最新出版的剑14的12篇文章，和托福最新的TPO59-62四套题目的12篇文章进行对比。结果如下：

从平均值来看，两个考试文章的蓝思指数综合平均值基本一致，在1290左右，大概相当于美国高中10年级-11年级文本阅读难度。在平均句长上也差距不大，基本每句话在21个单词。单词重合度(log word frequency)考核的是每一篇文章不重复的单词情况，数值越高说明这篇文章要求的词汇量阅读。两者也差距不大。

唯独在篇幅上，雅思文章明显长于托福。雅思文章达到了862词，而托福稳定在700词左右。这是否意味着雅思文章更难读呢?其实考虑到雅思阅读是纸笔考试，托福阅读是机器考试，需屏幕阅读考试。我们都能直观地感受到屏幕是会降低阅读速度的。那两者之间是否可以转化呢?一些心理学研究指出，纸质阅读速度一般比屏幕阅读快10-30%。如果我们取20%为平均值，则折合后的托福文章在纸币上应该为840词的长度，和雅思长度则差不多。但是如果应试者能够非常适应屏幕阅读，能够把速度差异控制在10%左右，那么毫无疑问，读托福阅读文章会感觉到明显短一些。

所以结论是，从文本复杂度上，两个考试的阅读文本区别不大。

托福阅读真题练习：绘画艺术

By 1776 the fine art of painting as it had developed in western Europe up to this time had been introduced into theAmerican colonies through books and prints, European visitors and immigrants,and traveling colonists who brought back copies (and a few original) of old master paintings and acquaintance with European art institutions.

By the outbreak of the revolution against British rule in 1776, the status of the artists had already undergone change. In the mid-eighteenth century, painters had been willing to assume such artisan-related tasks as varnishing, gilding teaching, keeping shops, and painting wheel carriages, houses, and signs. The terminology by which artists were described at the time suggests their status: "limner" was usually applied to the anonymous portrait painter up to the 1760's;"painter" characterized anyone who could paint a flat surface. By the second half of the century,colonial artists who were trained in England or educated in the classics rejected the status of laborer and thought of themselves as artists. Some colonial urban portraitists, such as John Singleton Copley, Benjamin West, and Charles Wilson Peale, consorted with affluent patrons.

Although subject to fluctuations in their economic status, all three enjoyed sufficient patronage to allow them to maintain an image of themselves as professional artists, an image indicated by their custom of signing their paintings. A few art collectors James Bowdoin III of Boston, William Byrd of Virginian, and the Aliens and Hamiltons of Philadelphia introduced European art traditions to those colonists privileged to visit their galleries, especially aspiring artists, and established in their respective communities the idea of the value of art and the need for institutions devoted to its encouragement.

Although the colonists tended to favor portraits, they also accepted landscapes, historical works, and political engravings as appropriate artistic subjects. With the coming of independence from the British Crown, a sufficient number of artists and their works were available to serve nationalistic purposes. The achievements of the colonial artists, particularly those of Copley, West,and Peale, lent credence to the boast that the new nation was capable of encouraging genius and that political liberty was congenial to the development of taste — a necessary step before art could assume an important role in the new republic.

托福阅读题目

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) European influence on colonialAmerican painting

(B) The importance of patronage to artist

(D) Subjects preferred by artists in theAmerican colonies in the eighteenth century.

2. The word "outbreak" in line 5 is closest in meaning to

(A) cause

(B) beginning

(D) explanation

3. The word "undergone" in line 6 is closest in meaning to

(A) led to

(B) transformed

(D) experienced

4.According to the passage , before the American Revolution the main task of limners was to

(A) paint wheel carriages

(B) paint portraits

(D) paint flat surfaces

5. It can be inferred from the passage that artists who were trained in England

(A) considered artists to be superior to painters

(B) barely painted portraitists

(D) imitated English painters

6. The word "consorted" in line 14 is closest in meaning to

(A) made decisions

(B) studies

(D) associated

7. The word "sufficient" in line 16 is closest in meaning to

(A) adequate

(B) temporary

(D) expensive

8.According to the passage , artists such as Copley, West and Peal signed their paintings

(A) increased the monetary value of the paintings

(B) made it more difficult for other artists to copy the paintings

(D) distinguished colonialAmerican artists from European artists

9. The author mentions James Bowdoin III and William Byrd in line 17 as examples of which of

the following?

(A)Art gallery owners who displayed only European art

(B)Art collectors who had a profound influence on American attitudes toward art

(C)Artists who gave financial support to other artists

(D) Patrons whose helped to encourage artisans to become artists

10. With which of the following would the author be most likely to agree?

(A) Countries that have not had a political revolution are unlikely to develop great art.

(B) The most successful art collectors are usually artists themselves.

(D) Colonial artists made an important contribution to the evolving culture of the new nation.

托福阅读答案

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