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帮你搞定托福阅读细节题

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  托福阅读有一种题型是细节题,下面我们看看如何攻克它吧。

托福阅读细节题如何解答?

  托福阅读细节题考查的其实是精确定位,在新托福阅读考试中,细节题其实不难,但前提是定位的点要对,做新托福阅读读细节题,最重要的一点就是要尽量地去精确定位,大家在平时的托福阅读备考中要注意把握做细节题的这一个规律。

  例如:

  Two species of deer have been prevalent in the Puget Sound area of Washington State in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. The black-tailed deer, a lowland, west-side cousin of the mule deer of eastern Washington, is now the most common. The other species, the Columbian white-tailed deer, in earlier times was common in the open prairie country, it is now restricted to the low, marshy islands and flood plains along the lower Columbia River.

  According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true of the white-tailed deer of Puget Sound?

  A. It is native to lowlands and marshes.

  B. It is more closely related to the mule deer of eastern Washington than to other types of deer.

  C. It has replaced the black-tailed deer in the open prairie.

  D. It no longer lives in a particular type of habitat that it once occupied.

  这是一个典型的 托福阅读细节题,在该题题干中,有的考生会选择Puget Sound作为关键词回原文定位,因为它是专有名词,在文中会比较显眼。但是如果一旦选择了这个地名,势必会定位在该段的第一句话,托福细节题往往是定位在哪句就在哪句找答案,这样的话考生是选不出正确答案的,因为定位不精确。

  其实正确的关键词应该是white-tailed deer,这个用连字符连接的词在文章中也是比较醒目的,按该词定位应是该段最后一句话。所以根据它的意思应该选D项。其中A项与原句意思不符,B和C都与定位句信息无关。我们再来看另外一个否定事实 细节题的例子:

  Plant communities assemble themselves flexibly, and their structure depends on the particular history of the area. Ecologists use the term “succession” to refer to the changes that happen in plant communities and ecosystems over time. The first community in a succession is called a pioneer community, while the long-lived community at the end of succession is called a climax community. Pioneer and successional plant communities are said to change over periods from 1 to 500 years. These changes—in plant numbers and the mix of species—are cumulative. Climax communities themselves change but over periods of time greater than about 500 years.

  According to paragraph 1, which of the following is NOT true of climax communities?

  A. They occur at the end of a succession.

  B. They last longer than any other type of community.

  C. The numbers of plants in them and the mix of species do not change

  D. They remain stable for at least 500 years at a time.

  这个题大家都会选择用climax communities去定位,但在定位过程中会出现很多问题。首先考生要学会跳跃式定位,即根据文章中特殊的标点符号以及最醒目的词来搜索我们真正需要的关键词。文中的particular是加了阴影的,succession是在引号里面的,都非常醒目,通过看这两个词我们会发现它们附近没有我们需要的东西;再比较突出的就是数字及破折号,在500的上方有a climax community,但它是单数,与题干关键词不完全匹配,细节题讲究的是精确定位,所以我们应该选择500斜下方的Climax communities,即该段的最后一句话。

  否定事实细节题的出题思路有两种:一是无中生有,即根据定位点的内容,四个选项只有一个没有提到,这种思路多适用于选项比较简短的题目;二是张冠李戴,即根据定位点的内容表述,只有一个选项与之矛盾,这种思路多适应于选项比较长的题目。就这个例题而言,根据定位的最后一句话,从表述上来说跟它相关的只有C和D两个选项,D项的意思与原句相符,而C项与原句矛盾,所以正确答案是C。

  以上即为托福阅读考试中细节题如何解答的解析,细节题是托福阅读备考中大家常常碰到的一种题型,大家可以通过本文细细掌握。

  托福阅读中的细节题剖析

  新托福考试中很多考生最容易忽略的就是托福阅读,因为绝大部分人会感觉阅读是自己的强项。然而不少这样的考生,自认阅读不错,实际考出来的分数只有22分左右,这相当于把挣分的压力转移到了大部分人比较弱的听力、口语、写作上面。由此可见,阅读取得高分对于获得百分以上的托福成绩是一种保证!

  托福阅读中的细节题其实不难,但前提是定位的点要对,比如下面这个例题:

  Two species of deer have been prevalent in the Puget Sound area of Washington State in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. The black-tailed deer, a lowland, west-side cousin of the mule deer of eastern Washington, is now the most common. The other species, the Columbian white-tailed deer, in earlier times was common in the open prairie country, it is now restricted to the low, marshy islands and flood plains along the lower Columbia River.

  According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true of the white-tailed deer of Puget Sound

  A. It is native to lowlands and marshes.

  B. It is more closely related to the mule deer of eastern Washington than to other types of deer.

  C. It has replaced the black-tailed deer in the open prairie.

  D. It no longer lives in a particular type of habitat that it once occupied.

  这是一个典型的细节题,在该题题干中,有的考生会选择Puget Sound作为关键词回原文定位,因为它是专有名词,在文中会比较显眼。但是如果一旦选择了这个地名,势必会定位在该段的第一句话,托福细节题往往是定位在哪句就在哪句找答案,这样的话考生是选不出正确答案的,因为定位不精确。其实正确的关键词应该是white-tailed deer,这个用连字符连接的词在文章中也是比较醒目的,按该词定位应是该段最后一句话。所以根据它的意思应该选D项。其中A项与原句意思不符,B和C都与定位句信息无关。我们再来看另外一个否定事实细节题的例子:

  Plant communities assemble themselves flexibly, and their structure depends on the particular history of the area. Ecologists use the term “succession” to refer to the changes that happen in plant communities and ecosystems over time. The first community in a succession is called a pioneer community, while the long-lived community at the end of succession is called a climax community. Pioneer and successional plant communities are said to change over periods from 1 to 500 years. These changes—in plant numbers and the mix of species—are cumulative. Climax communities themselves change but over periods of time greater than about 500 years.

  According to paragraph 1, which of the following is NOT true of climax communities

  A. They occur at the end of a succession.

  B. They last longer than any other type of community.

  C. The numbers of plants in them and the mix of species do not change

  D. They remain stable for at least 500 years at a time.

  这个题大家都会选择用climax communities去定位,但在定位过程中会出现很多问题。首先考生要学会跳跃式定位,即根据文章中特殊的标点符号以及最醒目的词来搜索我们真正需要的关键词。文中的particular是加了阴影的,succession是在引号里面的,都非常醒目,通过看这两个词我们会发现它们附近没有我们需要的东西;再比较突出的就是数字及破折号,在500的上方有a climax community,但它是单数,与题干关键词不完全匹配,细节题讲究的是精确定位,所以我们应该选择500斜下方的Climax communities,即该段的最后一句话。否定事实细节题的出题思路有两种:一是无中生有,即根据定位点的内容,四个选项只有一个没有提到,这种思路多适用于选项比较简短的题目;二是张冠李戴,即根据定位点的内容表述,只有一个选项与之矛盾,这种思路多适应于选项比较长的题目。就这个例题而言,根据定位的最后一句话,从表述上来说跟它相关的只有C和D两个选项,D项的意思与原句相符,而C项与原句矛盾,所以正确答案是C。

  以上是专家解析托福阅读中的例题,托福阅读是考生的得分项,不可掉以轻心,得不偿失。要把基础打好再考虑如果往高处摸索。综上所述,做新托福阅读的细节题,最重要的一点就是要尽量地去精确定位。

  托福考试阅读细节题出错的三大常见原因

  几乎在每次托福考试之后,我都可以听到某些同学对着细节题扼腕长叹道:“我怎么这样的题也会错!”是的,我们在上课的时候,反复听着老师一遍遍地说细节题的解题方法,自以为这些方法都早已烂熟于心,但是在做题的过程中却屡屡出错。这是为什么呢?

  要解答这个问题,我们首先就要找到出错的地方,然后对症下药。那么接下来,由新东方在线托福教研中心老师为大家介绍考生经常会出错的地方。这些地方大致可以分为以下三种情况:

  一、不会定位

  提及定位,恐怕所有的同学都会说定位非常简单。但是,是不是所有同学都可以准确定位,并且高效地完成阅读中的细节题呢?其实不然,我们来看以下这道出自TPO16套的细节题:

  According to paragraph 2, how did Middle Eastern shop owners treat their workers?

  有的同学一看到这个题目,第一反应就是用Middle Eastern shop owners去原文定位,很快可以找到本段的第二句话:Production was generally in the hands of skilled individual artisans doing piecework under the tutelage of a master who was also the shop owner.但是,当我们读过这句话之后,发现它并没有回答前面的问题,于是我们开始纠结。在将这句话反反复复看了好几遍却仍然找不到答案之后,我们才开始继续往下看。有些同学甚至为了寻找答案干脆将整段看一遍。但是,如果大家一开始在定位的时候,用的是shop owner, treat,和workers来定位,大家就很容易就知道这道题是在问shop owner和workers之间的关系,在读原文第二句话时很快就能发现这句话并没有提到任何与关系相关的单词。于是往下寻找和关系有关的词或者句子。我们很快便会看到后面有一个In these shops differences of rank were blurred,也就是说在这些shop里等级区别模糊了。这不正是说明了owner和worker之间的这种等级关系么?因此,不难确定,这句话才是我们要找的答案。

  二、纠结选项

  在选项上纠结的这类同学,在对文章的定位上一般不存在问题。他们的问题是,在找到原文之后,却觉得几个选项在文章中都出现过,于是一遍遍地再来读文章。这样做既费时费力,又不一定能对。

  对于这些同学,新东方在线托福教研中心老师提醒大家,你们需要谨记的就是“符合原文”四个大字。

  例如TPO2中的一道题,假定通过定位我们已经找到了原文中答案所在的句子:the presence of a fluke1 and blowhole2 cannot disguise their affinities with land dwelling mammals.这道题对应有两个选项:

  A It clearly indicates that cetaceans are mammals.

  B It cannot conceal the fact that cetaceans are mammals.

  这时爱纠结的同学们又开始纠结了,两个都说cetaceans是mammals,怎么选?亲爱的同学们,你们首先要搞清楚原文到底说的是什么,是说“暗示”还是说“不能掩盖”?如果是说暗示,那就选a,因为a选项清楚的有一个indicate,如果是说不能掩盖,那就选b, 因为b选项中有一个cannot conceal。

  三、单词量少

  单词量少是一个困扰绝大多数考生的问题。对于备考托福的同学来说,攻克单词这个难题,只有一个方法-背!在备考期间大家需要大量地背单词。但是,即使我们很努力的去背了单词,依然会在做题的时候碰到一些我们不认识的单词。这个时候,很多同学就会慌了手脚,不知道怎么办才好。其实,一篇文章对我们造成困难的,不是那些人名、地名和专有名词,而是构成我们要理解的这句话的基本结构。因此,如果碰到一句很长的话,里面有一些生单词,大家不要慌张。只要把这句话的结构弄清楚,你就能读懂这句话的大致意思了。这样,所谓的单词也就不再是你的拦路虎了。我们来看一个TPO1 里的句子:

  Immediately adjacent to the timberline, the tundra consists of a fairly complete cover of low-lying shrubs, herbs, and grasses, while higher up the number and diversity of species decrease until there is much bare ground with occasional mosses and lichens and some prostrate cushion plants.

  虽然这句话中生僻的词比较多,但是如果我们能够找出句子的主干,那么这句话就会容易很多。整句的主干结构是这样的:adjacent to timberline, the tundra consists of shrubs and grasses and so on, while rise up, the species and diversities will decrease. 同学们只要能读出来这句话的核心意思是“靠近林木线的土地上到处覆盖着灌木和草,而海拔高度提高的时候,物种减少直到出现大片的荒地”,我们就能够理解这个句子。但是理解的前提是,你必须平时要好好的背单词,如果连一些很简单的单词,例如blur,stimulate都不认识,那么建议大家还是在背单词上多下点功夫吧!

  

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