英语的动词不定式语法基础
动词不定式是一种非谓语动词的形式，接下来，小编给大家准备了英语的动词不定式语法基础,欢迎大家参考与借鉴。
英语的动词不定式语法基础
非谓语动词指的是在句中起名词，形容词或副词作用的动词形式，而不是作谓语的动词形式。 动词的非谓语形式分为动名词，分词，动词不定式。
Climbing mountain is a good exercise. (Climbing..., 动名词起名词作用)
爬山是一项好运动。
Do you know the man wearing a white shirt. (wearing ... 分词起形容词作用)
你认识那个穿白衬衣的人吗?
He gets up early to catch the first bus. (to catch .... 不定式起副词作用)
他早早起床是为了赶上第一班汽车。
谓语动词和非谓语动词的区别：
1) 谓语动词在句中可单独作谓语，而非谓语动词不能单独作谓语。
Miss Mary teaches us English.
玛丽教我们英语。(teaches 动词作谓语)
Mr.Victor came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week.
维克托先生上周来到了我们教室和我们谈话。 (to have a talk.... 不定式作状语)
2) 谓语动词受主语的人称和数的限制，而非谓语动词形式没有这种限制。
Larke likes the pop music.
拉克喜欢流行音乐。 (动词用单数第三人称形式)
Larke has nothing to do today.
拉克今天没什么事要做。(do 用原形)
非谓语动词的特征：
1 如果非谓语动词是及物动词，后面须跟宾语。
Studying English is my favorite.
To help him is my duty.
帮助他是我的责任。(help 后跟宾语)
2 非谓语动词可以带有自己的状语或逻辑主语。
Working under such a condition is terrible.
在这样的环境下工作太可怕了。(under such a condition 是 working 的状语)
It's too difficult for him to master English in such a short time.
他在这么短的时间内掌握英语太难了。(for him 作不定式的逻辑主语)
3 非谓语动词仍有语态和时态的变化。
I am sorry to have kept you waiting long.
对不起让你久等了。(to have kept...是不定式的完成形式)
Seen from the mountain, the city looks much more beautiful.
从山上看，这座城市美丽多了。(Seen from...是分词的被动形式)
4 非谓语动词在句中可以当成名词或者形容词来使用。
Our coming made him happy.
我们的到来使他很高兴。(coming 起名词作用)
There are two big swimming pools here.
这儿有两个大型游泳池。(swimming 起形容词作用)
非谓语动词的形式变化：
不 定 式 主 动 被 动
一般 to write to be written
进行 to be writing /
完成 to have written to have been written
完成进行 to have been writing /
现 在 分 词 主 动 被 动
一般 writing being written
完成 having written having been written
过 去 分 词 一般 written
动 名 词 主 动 被 动
一 般 writing being written
完 成 having written having been written
动 词 不 定 式：
动词不定式是由 to + 动词原形构成，在句中起名词，形容词和副词的作用，可以担任除谓语以外的其它任何成分。
1 动词不定式作主语：
To mast1 a language is not an easy thing.
掌握一门语言不是一件容易的事情。
To teach English is my favorite.
教英语是我的爱好。
It's my pleasure to help you.
很乐意帮助你。
动词不定式作主语时可以放在后面，而用 it 作形式主语放在原主语的位置上。
It's very kind of you to have given us much help.
你给了我们那么多的帮助真是太好了。
It's necessary to find the witness2.
有必要找到目击者。
2 动词不定式作宾语：
某些及物动词可以用动词不定式作宾语，这些动词有decide, begin, help, begin, want, wish, like, forget, learn, ask.
What I wish is to learn English well.
我所希望的是把英语学好。
I like to help others if I can.
如果有可能的话，我喜欢帮助别人。
3 动词不定式作宾语补语 。
We expect you to be with us.
我们希望你和我们在一起。
Please ask him to come here quickly.
请叫他快过来。
4 动词不定式作表语 ：
What I should do is to finish the task soon.
我应该做的是赶快完成任务。
The most urgent3 thing is to find the boy immediately.
当务之急是马上去找孩子。
5 动词不定式作定语：
There are many ways to solve the problem.
有许多方法能解决这个问题。
I have something important to tell you.
我有重要的事情要告诉你。
6 不定式作状语：
We went to the hospital to see our teacher.
我们去医院看了我们的老师。
She is making a test to get a kind of useful
medicine from a Tibet4 flower.
她在做试验，从一种西藏花中提取某种有用的药物。
动词不定式的否定形式：
not + to + 动词原形
The teacher told us not to swim in that river.
老师告诉我们不要在那条河里游泳。
It's unfair not to tell us.
没告诉我们真是不公平。
带疑问词的不定式：
疑问词who, what,which,when, where, how, why 可以加在不定式的前面，构成不定式短语，使含义更加具体。
Where to go is not known5 yet.
去什么地方还不知道。
I don't know when to begin.
我不知道什么时间开始。
Can you tell me where to get the battery6.
你能告诉我哪儿能买到电池吗?
Do you know how to get to the station.
你知道怎样去车站吗?
带逻辑主语的不定式：
动词不定式可以带有自己的逻辑主语，构成方法是： for + 逻辑主语 + 不定式。
注意：逻辑主语用宾格形式， for 本身无实际意义，它只表明后面的主语从逻辑上分析是不定式的主语。
It's necessary for us to help each other.
我们互相帮忙是必要的。
There are much work for me to finish,
有许多工作要我去完成。
动词不定式的时态：
动词不定式一般时：表示动作和句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或之后发生。
I helped him put the things into the car.
我帮助他把东西放进了汽车。
I want to see you again.
我想再见到你。
Would you like to have a rest.
你愿意休息一下吗?
动词不定式完成时： 表示动作在句中谓语动词的动作之前发生。
We are sorry to have kept you waiting so long.
对不起，我们让你久等了。
They seems to have known the answers.
他们好像知道了答案。
动词不定式进行时：表示动作同句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，强调动作正在进行。
They seem to be working hard.
他们好像在努力工作。
动词不定式的被动形式： 表示不定式动词同所修饰的名词是被动关系 。
He is the man to be examined.
他是受检查的人。
There are much work to be done.
有好多工作要做。
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