2018年6月10日托福口语练习
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2018年6月10日托福独立口语小范围练习题目
6月10日考情回顾：
Task 1: Your school decides to use electronic newspapers instead of paper ones. Talk about the advantage and disadvantage of this decision.
Task 2: Some teachers prefer to answer students’ questions while they are delivering a lecture. Some teachers prefer to answer their questions when the lecture is over. Which one do you prefer? Why?
TASK 1
1. What activity do you think can cultivate children's sense of responsibility?
2. Which one of the following do you think is the most important quality for an entrepreneur?
outgoing
clear-minded
innovative
3. Which of the following do you think is the best way to know a new school: joining a one-day campus tour, spending a weekend on the campus play field, or auditing lectures?
4. Your university will sponsor one of the following activities for students, an outdoor camping night, a music festival for students to experience the local culture or a computer game competition in the dormitory. Which one do you think it's the best to establish new friendship and solidarity among students and why? Please include details and examples in your explanation.
5. Which one of the following should a city invest? 1) transportation; 2) park; 3) school.
6. The university decides to remodel the dormitory and add a new space to it. Which space do you recommend to add in your dormitory?
Café
Study room
Game room
7. The university currently requires all the students to take the physical education course to get graduate. Which of the following choices will you choose?
A, soccer
B, dancing
8. If your friend is going to an important interview, what suggestions would you give him?
9. Final is coming, and your friend often oversleeps and misses the class. Will you help your friend to study while you also have a lot of exams?
10. Describe a common mistake that experienced teacher often make.
11. Talk about how your study habits differ from others.
12. Describe a job you admired but you will NOT choose it yourself.
13. Which of the following three would you choose to do in summer vacation? Working as a librarian, painter in an art center, or life guard in the natatorium?
14. Your friend is going to take a part-time job in college. Please describe the advantages and disadvantages of doing a part-time.
15. Which of the following classes is the most attractive to students?
Sound engineering
History of rock music
Film studies
16. If the school doesn’t allow students to take cellphones with them when they come to school, what would be the influence of this policy?
17. What should we do to help the elder in our community?
18. Which one do you think is more important? The process of doing something or the result at the end?
19. Which kind of roommate do you prefer: a roommate from a foreign country or a roommate from your own country?
20. Some students would prefer to live with roommates. Others would prefer to live alone. Which opinion would you prefer and why?
TASK 2
1. Some parents think they should protect students from making mistakes. Some think they should let them make mistakes. What do you think?
2. Some people like to make decisions based on their own experience; while other people prefer to ask others for help such as family and friends. Which do you prefer and why?
3. When giving feedbacks to students, some teachers would like to talk to their students in person; while some teachers would give written comments to students. Which do you prefer and why?
4. Do you think students should be required to study certain fields or to study whatever that interests them?
5. Do you agree or disagree that students would learn more if the teachers assign them with more schoolwork?
6. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? With the popularity of the technology that focuses on entertainment, people read fewer books than before.
7. Many people prefer to read books in electronic format on a computer screen or other devices. Some other people prefer to read books on paper printed copies. Which way do you prefer? Why?
8. Some people think that with the development of technology and Internet, libraries will disappear; while others think libraries are always necessary. Which one do you agree? Please give specific details to support your opinion.
9. Which one do you prefer? Review your notes after class and keep doing this throughout the whole semester or just review at the end of the semester?
10. Some people think it's better to take classes in the daytime and have a part-time job in the evening, some people prefer to have a part-time job in the daytime and take classes in the evening. Which do you think is better? Use specific details and examples to explain your answer.
11. Many people think that students study course materials more effectively by taking exams; while others think that students learn more effective through doing other activities such as writing paper or completing projects. Which do you think is more effective for students to learn?
12. Some people believe that we should not discuss about the private activities of the popular people, like movie stars and singers. Do you agree? Why?
13. Imagine that you have been accepted by two different universities. One university is well-known for its excellent academic program, but it’s expensive; while another is less well-known, but has offered you with scholarship to pay for your intuition fee. Which university would you prefer, explain why.
14. Some people get to know a person by the first observation while others prefer to get to know a person by long time observation. Which one do you prefer and explain why.
15. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: all students should attend social activities such as join a club or a sports team in school?
16. Do you agree or disagree with the statement? Interrupting others while others are talking about something is impolite?
17. Your city is about to build a new factory so as to provide more job opportunities for citizens; however, the factory might lead to environmental pollution to some extent. Do you agree or disagree to build such a new factory?
18. Some people think students should study in classroom. While others believe that they should visit museum and zoo to study. Which one do you like?
19. Some people prefer to stay in touch with their friends and family members while traveling. Others prefer not to get in touch and stay alone. Which do you prefer and why?
20. Some people like to share their thoughts through publications like newspapers and blogs. Others prefer to only share them with friends. Which one do you prefer?
托福考试2018备考规划 如何应对变化后的加试
请滕达老师给我们介绍一下2017年托福考试的整体情况。
滕达：2017年托福考试没有太大的变化。托福2006年从纸考到机考，到现在已经是11个年头了。托福考试相对来说十分成熟，卷子搭配都是阅读、听力、口语和写作，题型也没有太大的改变。有一些同学可能觉得话题跟以前稍微有些不太一样，变得更灵活。
托福考量上也没有太大的差别，每年中国考生大约是40万-45万人次。2017年的最新数据还没有公布。但是从2016年的数据来看，托福平均分没有太大的变化。考试总分是120分，中国考生平均79分。以往稍微考得差一点的年份会是76分，好一点是79分。
2017年托福有3场加场。甚至9月的下午场，很多考生考完出来都已经天黑了，而被大家戏称为“夜场”。这些加场考试说明托福需求真的是很大，那么考生应该选择什么时间考托福，如何抢考位呢?
滕达：托福加场是指这一周本来没有考试，然后突然可以报名。而原本显示已经报满的考试又变成可报的状态，则有可能有人退考了。
早在七八年前，托福考位很不容易抢，大家依靠黄牛抢托福考位。一年差不多是43-44场托福考试，教育部考试中心一下放出20、30场考试，然后再随着时间的推进慢慢放出其余考位。有时候会十天放一些考位，有时候会提前十天加场。
后来，ETS和教育部考试中心发现考生报名托福考试特别集中，在北上广是过于集中，而在二三线城市往往还有空余考位。另外，有意图出国的考生很多都会集中在下半年考试。
于是，从2016年开始，ETS提前到10月、11月放出全部40多场考试的考位。这样提前把考位都放出来，加场也相应减少了。另外，托福考试也采用实名制，并且账户要先充值，才能看到考位。
而刚刚提到的下午场，是指要等上午的考生考完，大家两点半进场，三点开始考试。到下半年考位紧缺的时候，大家可以选择下午场，当然题跟上午是不可能一样的。
至于何时报名托福，马上2月过春节，场次也少，然后就是3、4月考试。成绩不理想的话，要再报5月，最好在6、7月之前报课集中复习，然后考试。这样在暑假之前就能有成绩准备申请。因为10月有很多进行早申的同学，所以6月开始会出现考位紧缺。
另外提醒大家，不要把考试时间安排在学校截止日期之前。一般托福考试十天出成绩，也就是隔周的周三或者周四。但遇到圣诞节这样的节假日成绩一定会晚出。而圣诞节临近申请截止日期，有可能是你最着急的时候，如果还没有考到想要的成绩，就会特别着急。所以托福考试赶早不赶晚。
至于考场选择，就近原则，越近越好。离家近的话，时间和精力不用花在路上。如果本地没有了，可以去外地考，提前入住，以免第二天早上过于着急。如果大陆地区没有的话，还可以去香港、澳门、台湾参加考试。不过这些地区的考试要去ETS官网报名。
2017年托福考试新旧题目的比例是怎样的?难度如何?有没有出现新的题型呢?
滕达：托福考试是语言能力测评。所谓的托福题目变难了，其实并没有。并且全球考生面对的托福难度是一致的，采用的题库和判分标准也是一样的。所以中国考生的79分和中东考生的79分是一样的。
但是不可否认的是，2017年托福题目的确越来越活，口语不再考那些特别死板的人力、事物，在3选1这种题型上话题会更灵活。比如：
“了解意大利文化的最佳方式，是通过饮食，通过电影，还是通过听讲座上课?”
“如果政府得到了拨款，你觉得这钱应该用在太空探索，海洋垃圾处理，还是天气预测上?”
“如果让你从三个不同职业的人中选市长，你选哪个人?是教授，医生，还是银行家?”
托福加试一直都有所谓的经典加试，大家考前背一背，了解一下就感觉非常简单。但是2017年3月之后进行了调整，这个情况能不能请您给我们介绍一下。
滕达：托福加试的英文叫additional test，主要是用来测试考试的信度和效度。
ETS官方MOOC是这么介绍的：每一次托福考试都有加试，考生无法区分哪道题是加试。加试题目不算进分数里。没有双加试(Never both)。
托福阅读的题目是20分钟一篇，三篇60分钟。如果考试时一看计时器显示80分钟，就说明有一篇是加试。如果阅读有加试，听力就不会再出现加试。反之亦然。不过，托福阅读的加试以篇为单位，而托福听力的加试是以题目为单位的。
托福加试收集的数据要验证这些题是否合理，是否对所有的种族都是平等的。如果题没有问题，就会进入题库。我们每一次看到的托福题目其实都经过加试。所以所谓的“新题”其实也都是旧题。
至于所谓的经典加试，是因为中国考区的考生太多了，占托福考生的三分之一。考生们考完分享回忆就发现听力大王花、阅读欧洲浪漫古典主义文学总会遇到。这些不变的题目也被称作锚题，作为变量中的定量，主要是ETS用来验证每套题目的难度是不是一致。
这里提醒大家的是，虽然加试错了不会扣分，无论遇到的是经典还是非经典加试，都要调整好心态认真对待。
2017年很多考生还有一个特别明显的感觉，就是托福考试加大了防作弊的力度，比如人脸识别、声音识别。这方面请您再介绍一些情况。
滕达：利用包括指纹、声纹、人脸识别这些生物信息防作弊是ETS和教育部考试中心都一直在做的事情。运用声纹识别可以有效防止枪手替考。教育部考试中心和ETS它们都有声纹库，也有枪手库。这些防作弊的手段主要是为了保证考试的公平性。
托福考试没有准考证。入场的凭证是身份证，永远不要忘了身份证。如果你身份证丢了，那就用临时身份证。如果在境外参加考试，就用护照。
如果要申请美国大学，托福一般需要考到多少分?
滕达：如果是美国综合排名四十或者五十以上的，那么托福成绩要达到100分。如果是综合排名Top30，竞争就更激烈，可能需要105分。如果目标是常青藤，那有可能更高。而且，本科申请的竞争要比研究生的竞争更激烈。
所以如果你是高中生，计划去美国读本科，那托福成绩一定要好。如果是本科生要去读研究生，也别松懈。
有些学校在网站上写明了最低分数，首先要做到不低于这个成绩。另外这个成绩也只是针对所有国际学生的最低标准，而你如果要跟其他中国学生竞争的话，分数就不能仅仅只是“最低标准”了。另外，其他的标化考试成绩也要保证没有短板。同时，还要提升自己的软实力，文书的准备和平时成绩。所以建议大家提早进行准备。
考生要怎样规划自己的托福考试呢?
滕达：刚才提到过，中国学生的托福平均分是79分。如果是80分的水平，去留学是不够的，学习生活都会很痛苦。而中国学生的英语巅峰一般是在高考，进入国内大学英语也就放下了。
如果是大二大三开始准备，可以先考一次托福，来了解自己到底处在什么水平上。一般我们认为一考争取获得80分，先超过中国平均分。二考争取再进步10分，达到90分。最后三考刷到100分。当然这是一个盲目乐观的计划。所以建议考生可以提前报考几次的考试，做好规划。
托福熟词僻意解析--常见词
well
【常用释义】
adj. 健康的，好的
【生僻释义】
n. 井;v. 涌出
托福例句：The first wells were drilled into the Ogallala during the drought years of the early 1930’s.(TPO 3-3 Depletion of the Ogallala Aquifer)
托福例句：Gas pressure gradually dies out, and oil is pumped from the well.(TPO 4-3 Petroleum Resources)
解析：well在托福中，经常会考察到作名词“矿井”的意思，如to dig/drill/sink a well 挖井/钻井/掘井。well表示井的意思一般出现在石油开采或者地质类的文章中。第一个句子的意思在20世纪30年代早期的干旱年份中，在Ogallala第一口矿井被挖掘出来。第二句的意思汽油的压力逐渐消失，同时汽油从矿井中涌出。另外，因为well有井口的含义，井口经常会喷发东西，于是引申为动词词组well out 就有涌出的意思，一般是指water 水和 blood 血涌出。well up 有“冒出，迸发”的意思，tears welled up in my eyes 我热泪盈眶;when he heard the news, joy welled up within him 他听到这个消息后内心充满喜悦.
【常用释义】
n. 兴趣;爱好
【生僻释义】
n. [=advantage, benefit] 利益;[=Finance] 利息
托福例句：Forty-three windmills powered the drainage pumps so that they were able to lease the reclamation to farmers as early as 1612, with the investors receiving annual leasing payments at an interest rate of 17 percent. (TPO 23-2 Seventeenth-Century Dutch Agriculture)
解析：interest作“利息”的意思时，常见短语有the monthly rate of interest, 月利率。
interest作“利益”的意思时，常用短语有to look after/protect/safeguard one’s (own) interests, 保护自己的利益;to promote/further/advance one’s (own) interests, 促进自己的利益。原句翻译：有四十三座风车为排水泵提供动力，因此早在1612年，这些土地就可以租给农民耕种，而投资者们每年以17%的利率收取租赁费。
draw
【常用释义】
v. 画，描绘
【生僻释义】
1. v. 得出(结论);
托福例句：The stencils of hands found in these shelters and caves allow us to draw conclusions about which hand was dominant.(TPO 12-1 Which Hand Did They Use?)
解析：draw这个单词有非常多的含义，在托福阅读中除了会考察到大家熟悉的“绘画”这个含义，也会考察draw a conclusion 得出结论，这样的含义。句子翻译为：在这些遮蔽物和洞穴中找到的手的模印能让我们得出关于哪个手是主导手的结论。
2. v. 拖，拉，拽;
托福例句：Mechanization included the use of horse-drawn harvesters and seed drills, many developed initially in the United States. (TPO 35-2 Population Growth in Nineteenth-Century Europe)
解析：draw在这里表示”拖，拉，拽”，如the train was drawn by a steam engine火车由蒸汽机拉动。句子中horse-drawn即“由马拉动的“，整句话翻译为：机械化包含由马拉动的收割机和播种机，他们大部分最初是在美国发展起来。
3. v. 吸引
托福例句：They were concerned that many would be drawn to these new, refreshing conceptions of teaching only to find that the void between the abstractions and the realities of teacher reflection is too great to bridge. (TPO 9-2 Reflection in Teaching)
解析：draw在这里表示吸引，如to draw sb. to do sth. 吸引某人做某事，draw one’s attention吸引某人的注意力。句子中，be drawn to 表示“被吸引”。另外，句中的only to find表示结果出人意料(多指不好的)，整句话翻译为：他们担心很多人可能被这种全新的教育概念中所吸引然而却发现教师反思的抽象概念和现实之间的鸿沟太大而无法逾越。
pose
【常用释义】
n. 姿势
【生僻释义】
v. 构成，造成
例句：The political institutions of the four countries posed no significant barriers to industrialization or economic growth.(TPO 18-1 Industrialization in the Netherlands and Scandinavia)
解析：pose作动词，在托福阅读中的释义为“构成，造成”，短语结构为“pose sth on/to sb”，此处的sth，一般是problem, challenge, threat等名词。句中，posed no significant barriers to industrialization意为“未对工业化构成严重的障碍”。
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